The electric fetal heart activity was firstly recorded as tiny deflections on maternal limb lead electrocardifogram (ECG) by Cremer [1], direct lead fetal ECG with needle electrode by Caldeyro-Barcia et al. [2] and with scalp lead clip electrode by Hon [3]. Indirect maternal abdominal lead fetal ECG (fECG) was recorded by Maeda and Nakano [4] and others. Intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) was m...

Fetal acidemia during labor is associated with an increased risk of brain injury and lasting neurological deficits. This is in part due to the repetitive occlusions of the umbilical cord (UCO) induced by uterine contractions. Whereas fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring is widely used clinically, it fails to detect fetal acidemia. Hence, new approaches are needed for early detection of fetal acide...

The purpose of the study was to compare the accuracy of a noninvasive fetal heart rate monitor with that of ultrasound, using a fetal scalp electrode as the gold standard, in laboring women of varying body habitus, throughout labor and delivery. Laboring women requiring fetal scalp electrode were monitored simultaneously with the investigational device (noninvasive fetal ECG), ultrasound, and f...

APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF THE FETAL HEART RATE.* By Edward H. Hon, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine. During the past four years continuous monitoring of fetal heart rate during labor and delivery has permitted the accumulation of accurate, permanent records which may be of value for the assessment of fetal heart rate as an index of fetal e...

Abstract: The labor admission test is a very useful screening test in early labor to detect compromised fetus on admission. It is used to select the woman in need of continuous fetal electronic monitoring during labor. It is a dynamic screening test to study fetal oxygenation at the time of admission of the mother in labor room. The labor admission test is a very useful screening test in early ...

Future application of fetal brain monitoring is explored by selecting and analysing articles for information on types of brain damage that can be monitored, where in the brain this can be done, how long after the risk exposure, and with what method of investigation. A limited number of--mainly--case histories reported that early (cell death and oedema) and late (gliosis) effects of brain damage...

We prospectively studied 535 newborn infants who had been monitored during labour with scalp electrodes. Daily examination of scalp changes showed frequent transient mild lacerations, while severe complications were rare: seven (1.3%) had scalp ulceration and one (0.2%) developed scalp abscess.

Effective intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring requires ongoing collaboration among health care providers. Nurses, midwives, and physicians must have a shared understanding of 1) how FHR tracings are interpreted, 2) which FHR patterns are associated with actual or impending fetal acidemia, 3) when and within what time frame the physician or the midwife should be notified of variant FHR...

Over the past 30 years, fetal movement counts have been recommended to women in the second half of pregnancy as a way of monitoring fetal wellbeing and providing an early warning of fetal distress. However, guidance from the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommends abandoning this. Evidence is reviewed to show that the chance of preventing physical damage to the fetus is inde...