As the risk for fetal malformation is present in all pregnant women, many experts believe that prenatal ultrasound screening should be universal. The frequency of fetal malformations and the undesirable consequences for affected infants and their families are convincing arguments for using this modality on a routine basis. When operated rigorously at certain periods of gestation, ultrasonograph...

1. Case description A 23-year-old nulliparous woman was referred for fetal level II sonography owing to abnormal ultrasound findings, including skeletal anomalies and oligohydramnios at 20 weeks of gestation. Detailed evaluation of the fetus was difficult due to the absence of amniotic fluid. Thus, we infused normal saline into the amniotic cavity after amniocentesis for fetal karyotyping and f...

Congenital high airway obstruction (CHAOS) is a rare lethal fetal malformation characterised by obstruction to the fetal upper airway, which can be partial or complete. Antenatal diagnosis of CHAOS is important due to recent management options. Diagnosis is made with secondary changes such as hyperechoic enlarged lungs resulting in mediastinal compression, ascites, hydrops, flattened or everted...

Fetal gallbladder stone is a rare phenomenon, which is observed by chance during third trimester ultrasonography and does not cause significant clinical symptoms. Even though the etiology of stones found in the fetal period are yet unknown; apnea of prematurity, sepsis, parenteral nutrition, motile diseases, blood group incompatibilities, metabolic diseases and dehydration of newborns are among...

The incidence of fetal tumors has been increased due to generalization of prenatal evaluation and improvement of imaging techniques. The early detection of a fetal tumor and understanding of its imaging features are very important for fetal, maternal, and neonatal care. Ultrasonography is usually used for the detection and differential diagnosis of fetal tumors, and magnetic resonance imaging i...