Retinitis pigmentosa(RP) is a hereditary retinal disease that causes photoreceptor, outer retinal, degeneration. Although the pathogenesis is still unclear, there have been numerous reports regarding inner retinal changes in RP eyes. The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the changes in the thicknesses of different retinal layers of RP eyes, and its association with aqueous flare,...

I . Control groups of pigs were given a basal diet alone and treated groups received the same diet supplemented with 250 ppni of copper. The animals were about 10 weeks of age at the start of the experiments and were killed when they weighed 90 kg live weight. 2. The ratio of oleic acid to stearic acid in the whole back fat (inner plus outer layers) was somewhat higher in the pigs given the cop...

The shell wall in Spirula is composed of prismatic layers, whereas the septa consist of lamello-fibrillar nacre. The septal neck is holochoanitic and consists of two calcareous layers: the outer lamello-fibrillar nacreous layer that continues from the septum, and the inner pillar layer that covers the inner surface of the septal neck. The pillar layer probably is a structurally modified simple ...

PURPOSE To assess the thickness of the photoreceptor layer in the macular region in glaucomatous eyes. METHOD Humphrey 10-2 visual field (VF) testing was carried out and mean threshold (mTH) was calculated in 118 eyes from 118 patients with open angle glaucoma. Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements (RS 3000, Nidek Co.ltd., Aichi, Japan) were also carried out in all eyes. Thi...

PURPOSE To identify sex-related differences and age-related changes in individual retinal layer thicknesses in a population of healthy eyes across the lifespan, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS In seven institutes in Japan, mean thicknesses of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (...

PURPOSE To study in an infant rat model of retinopathy of prematurity, the rod photoreceptors, which are known to have attenuated photoresponses. METHODS Rhodopsin was extracted from whole retinas, the thickness of the rod outer segment (ROS) layer was measured, large phagosomes were counted, and the ROS ultrastructure was examined in the retinas of oxygen-exposed and control rats, ages 13 an...

PURPOSE To assess alterations of retinal layers in healthy subjects over 60 years old. METHODS Retinal layers of 160 healthy subjects (aged 60-100 years) without any retinal pathology were imaged using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Mean thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer (GCLIPL), inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer/outer nuclear...

in this paper, a rectangular sandwich plate with a constrained layer and an electrorheological (er) fluid core is investigated. the rectangular plate is covered an er fluid core and a constraining layer to improve the stability of the system. the two outer layers of the sandwich structure are elastic. the viscoelastic materials express the middle layer behavior under electric field and small st...

Axisymmetric vibration of an infinite piezolaminated multilayer hollow cylinder made of piezoelectric layers of 6mm class and an isotropic LEMV Linear Elastic Materials with Voids layers is studied. The frequency equations are obtained for the traction free outer surface with continuity conditions at the interfaces. Numerical results are carried out for the inner, middle, and outer hollow piezo...