This paper presents a cross-sectional study testing whether dolphins that are born in aquarium pools where they hear trainers' whistles develop whistles that are less frequency modulated than those of wild dolphins. Ten pairs of captive and wild dolphins were matched for age and sex. Twenty whistles were sampled from each dolphin. Several traditional acoustic features (total duration, duration ...

We investigate the phenomenon of selection via flatness. In the static case, the finiteness of the population does not seriously influence the increase of mean fitness of population due to flatness around a peak. The effect is proportional to 1/square root(L), where L is the genome length. We investigated the two peak model (high peak and a flat peak). We find that the selection of flatness for...

The maximum entropy method obtains the flattest spectrum consistent with the given autocorrelation values, according to a specific flatness measure. In this correspondence, the suitability of the maximum flatness criterion for spectral estimation is discussed, concluding that it offers useful insight into the spectral models arising from the optimization approach.

Flatness measurement using shape-rolls has been used in cold rolling mills for a long time. The benefit is obvious since the measured flatness profile can be used directly to control roll bending, tilt and cooling profile. It was therefore integrated in the mill control system at an early stage to control the strip shape against a target I-unit profile. However, since the flatness is also affec...

This research work contains results on flatness-based control and sensor fusion for mobile robot systems. Flatness-based control is applicable to differentially flat systems i.e. to systems the behavior of which is determined by the trajectory of a finite collection of quantities, consisting of the flat output and its derivatives [Mounier, H. & Roudolf, J. (2001)],[Rouchon, P. (2005)]. Flatness...

This study examines the effects of organizational flatness, coordination (cross-functional coordination, cross-plant coordination and supply chain coordination) and product modularity on mass customization capability (MCC) development. We develop a flatness-coordination-modularity-MCC model. Data from 317 firms located in ten countries across three industries are analyzed to test the research m...