The future of U.S. transport energy requirements and emissions is uncertain. Transport policy research has explored a number of scenarios to better understand the future characteristics of U.S. light-duty vehicles. Deterministic scenario analysis is, however, unable to identify the impact of uncertainty on the future U.S. vehicle fleet emissions and energy use. Variables determining the future ...

Fine particle (PM(2.5)) emissions from traffic have been associated with premature mortality. The current work compares PM(2.5)-induced mortality in alternative public bus transportation strategies as being considered by the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council, Finland. The current bus fleet and transportation volume is compared to four alternative hypothetical bus fleet strategies for the year ...

An environment for designing virtual instruments with 3D geometry has been prototyped and applied to realtime sound control and design. It was implemented by extending a realtime, visual programming language called Max/FTS, running on an SGI Onyx, with software objects to interface CyberGloves and Polhemus sensors and to compute human movement and virtual object features. Virtual input devices ...

the conventional method towards deriving schedule for a fleet of ships to minimize cost alone has the short-coming of not addressing the problem of operation revenue losses associated with delays during maintenance at ships dockyards. in this paper, a preventive maintenance schedule for a fleet of ships that incorporates op-portunity cost is presented. the idea is to assign a penalty cost to al...

In-use, fuel-based motor vehicle emission factors were determined using measurements made in a highway tunnel in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Concentrations of PM2.5 mass, CO, CO2, and NOx were measured continuously. Filter-based measurements included PM2.5 mass, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), inorganic ions and metals. Fuel-based emission factors for each pollutant were calculated usin...

Charilaos Trikoupis bridge is the longest cable bridge in Europe that connects Western Greece with the rest of the country. In this study, six air pollution monitoring campaigns (including major regulated air pollutants) were carried out from 2013 to 2015 at both sides of the bridge, located in the urban areas of Rio and Antirrio respectively. Pollution data were statistically analyzed and air ...

Spatial and temporal variability of atmospheric water vapor (H2O) is extremely high, and therefore it is difficult to accurately evaluate the measurement precision of H2O data by a simple comparison between the data derived from two different instruments. We determined the measurement precisions of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of H2O (XH2O) retrieved independently from spectral radian...