We propose a novel framework to detect and recognize outof-vocabulary (OOV) words in automated speech recognition (ASR). In the proposed framework a hybrid language model combining words and sub-word units is incorporated during ASR decoding then three different OOV words recognition methods are applied to generate OOV word hypotheses. Specifically, dictionary lookup, morphological composition,...

An overview of some fuzzy set-based approaches to scheduling is proposed, emphasizing two distinct uses of fuzzy sets: representing preference profiles and modelling uncertainty distributions. The first setting leads to a valued, noncompensatory generalization of constraint-directed scheduling. The other setting yields a possibility-theoretic counterpart of PERT, where probability distributions...

Organizations influence many aspects of our lives. They exist for one reason: they can accomplish things that individuals cannot. While recent work in high-autonomy systems has shown that autonomy is a critical issue in artificial intelligence (Al) systems, these systems must also be able to cooperate with and rel y on one another to deal with complex problems. The autonomy of such systems must...

Workflow systems have traditionally focused on the so-called production processes which are characterized by predefinition, high volume, and repetitiveness. Recently, the deployment of workflow systems in non-traditional domains such as collaborative applications, e-learning and cross-organizational process integration, have put forth new requirements for flexible and dynamic specification. How...

PDE surfaces, whose behavior is governed by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), have demonstrated many modeling advantages in surface blending, free-form surface modeling, and surface’s aesthetic or functional specifications. Although PDE surfaces can potentially unify geometric attributes and functional constraints for surface design, current PDE-based techniques exhibit certain difficultie...

A general schedule specification (GSS) defines constraints on sizes and temporal separation of individual dispatches and upper and lower bounds on the total size of dispatches in specified time intervals. A dispatch may be a dispensing of medications to an individual, a delivery of some fresh produce to a green grocer, the transmission of a multimedia data element to a web surfer, and so on. Wh...

The project " Flexible Reliable Timing Constrains " has been approved by ARTES and started in February 2000. Academic partner is Prof. Krithi Ramamritham of University of Massachusetts/IIT Bomaby, industrial partner is MECEL AB, Gothenburg. Damir Isovic was hired as Ph.D. student. The initial phase has worked out well: two papers have been accepted at conferences, simulators for analysis work h...

We propose a unified approach to plan execution and schedule dispatching that converts a plan, which has been augmented with temporal constraints, into a policy for dispatching. Our approach generalizes the original plan and temporal constraints so that the executor need only consider the subset of state that is relevant to successful execution of valid plan fragments. We can accommodate a vari...

Workflow technology has delivered effectively for a large class of business processes, providing the requisite control and monitoring functions. At the same time, this technology has been the target of much criticism due to its limited ability to cope with dynamically changing business conditions which require business processes to be adapted frequently, and/or its limited ability to model busi...

In this article, the hyperspectral unmixing problem is solved with the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm. The regularized criterion is minimized with a hierarchical alternating least squares (HALS) scheme. Under the HALS framework, four constraints are introduced to improve the unmixing accuracy, including the sum-to-unity constraint, the constraints for minimum spectral dispersi...