The study examines the changes in climatic elements and agronomic parameter (maize hectarage and output) for maize production in different ecological zones of Nigeria from 1980 2002. The study also evaluated the degree of variability in these parameters. To achieve these objectives, secondary data on climatic elements and agronomic parameters for 22years were analysed using two – way Analysis o...

Distribution of the citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) was studied over 18 months in a 6-year-old orchard of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi cv. Ruby Red) on sour orange (C. aurantium) rootstock. The 1.8-ha orchard was under chemical weed control, no tillage, and flood irrigation. Highest numbers of nematodes were found in the top 15 cm of the soil profile. The nematode population peaked i...

Rubber dams are inflatable and deflatable hydraulic structures. Thousands of rubber dams have been installed worldwide for various purposes: irrigation, water supply, power generation, tidal barrier, flood control, environmental improvement, and recreation. Furthermore, rubber dams have been used in cold areas where the temperature is as low as –40°C. The simplicity and flexibility of the rubbe...

Fluidic control is an essential technology widely found in processes such as flood control in land irrigation and cell metabolism in biological tissues. In any fluidic control system, valve function is the key mechanism used to actively regulate flow and miniaturization of fluidic regulation with precise workability will be particularly vital in the development of microfluidic control. The conc...

Thirty-meter resolution Landsat data were used to evaluate the effects of irrigation management in the Wood River Valley, Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon. In an effort to reduce water use and leave more of the water resource in-stream, 4,674 ha of previously flood irrigated pasture was managed as dryland pasture. Ground-based measurements over one irrigated and one unirrigated pasture site were use...

Poplar plantations are widely used for timber production and ecological restoration in northern China, a region that experiences frequent droughts and water scarcity. An open-path eddy-covariance (EC) system was used to continuously measure the carbon, water, and energy fluxes in a poplar plantation during the growing season (i.e., April–October) over the period 2006–2008 in the Daxing District...

Worldwide, irrigation uses about 69% of available freshwater resources (Fry, 2005). In the United States, 82% of freshwater resources are used for irrigation purposes. Major concerns on future planetary freshwater resources are the effects of climate change on changing sea temperature and levels, annual snowpack, drought and flood events, as well as changes in water quality, and general ecosyst...

Drag reduction (DR) agents are used in several ppm concentrations to accelerate significantly the flow through conduits in oil pipelines, oil well operations, flood water disposal, fire fighting, field irrigation, transport of suspensions and slurries, sewage systems, water heating and cooling systems, airplane tank filling, marine systems, and also in biomedical systems including blood flow. T...

Snowmelt-dominated streamflow of the Western Himalayan rivers is an important water resource during the dry pre-monsoon spring months to meet the irrigation and hydropower needs in northern India. Here we study the seasonal prediction of melt-dominated total inflow into the Bhakra Dam in northern India based on statistical relationships with meteorological variables during the preceding winter....