A clear understanding of the pharmacodynamic properties of antifungal agents is important for the adequate treatment of fungal infections like candidiasis. For certain antifungal agents, the determination of Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) and time kill curve could be clinically more relevant than the determination of the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). In this study, MIC and MFC...

Introduction: Increasing rate of candidiasis prevalence and consequently use of antifungal drugs as prophylactic and curative agents has led to the widespread emergence of resistant strains. Therefore this study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of an aqueous extract of garlic and the synergic effect of garlic extract with fluconazole against common clinical isolates of ...

BACKGROUND Candida spp. is the most common organisms involved in fungal infections in the high risk patients. It causes the greatest number of invasive candidiasis. Fluconazole is effective in treating mucosal candidiasis. However, resistance to fluconazole and other azoles antifungal drugs is an important clinical problem to treat candidiasis. Caspofungin is more effective against Candida spec...

Background The incidence of azole-resistant Candida infections is increasing. Consequently, guidelines for treating systemic Candida infection (SCI) recommend a "de-escalation" strategy: initial broad-spectrum antifungal agents (e.g., echinocandins), followed by switching to fluconazole if isolates are fluconazole sensitive, rather than "escalation" with initial fluconazole treatment and then s...

The in vitro activities of fluconazole and voriconazole against 1,024 clinical isolates of Candida spp. were determined by the agar disk diffusion test using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M44-A guidelines. The results of this investigation demonstrated the broad-spectrum in vitro activity of voriconazole, relative to that of fluconazole, against yeasts tested, in partic...

23% by C. albicans and 32% by other Candida spp. The susceptibility profile of all candidal isolates showed that 92% were sensitive to amphotericin B, 36% to fluconazole, 24% to itraconazole, 56% to voriconazole and 96% to flucytosine. Notably, while all strains of C. albicans were susceptible to amphotericin B, 42% were resistant to fluconazole. C. tropicalis, the most commonly isolated specie...

4. Perea S, Pennick GJ, Modak A, et al. Comparison of high-performance liquid chromatographic and microbiological methods for determination of voriconazole levels in plasma. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44: 1209–13. 5. Hulsewede JW, Dermoumi H. Serum level determination of fluconazole by high-performance liquid chromatography and bioassay. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1996; 283:492–6. 6. Pfaller MA...

Candida dubliniensis is a newly recognized fungal pathogen causing mucosal disease in AIDS patients. Although preliminary studies indicate that most strains of C. dubliniensis are susceptible to established antifungal agents, fluconazole-resistant strains have been detected. Furthermore, fluconazole-resistant strains are easily derived in vitro, and these strains exhibit increased expression of...

We submitted a panel of 416 isolates of Candida albicans from separate sources to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The data generated determined a population structure in which four major clades of closely related isolates were delineated, together with eight minor clades comprising five or more isolates. By Fisher's exact test, a statistically significant association was found between partic...