Fluctuation relations are derived in systems where the spin degree of freedom and magnetic interactions play a crucial role. The form of the nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems relies on the assumption of a local balance condition. We demonstrate that in some cases the presence of magnetic interactions violates this condition. Nevertheless, fluctuation relations can be obtained from the microre...

The effect of surface fluctuation on the observables of quark-hadron phase transition is studied. The Ginzburg-Landau formalism is extended by the inclusion of an extra term in the free energy that depends on the vertical displacements from a flat surface. The probability that a bin has a particular net displacement is determined by lattice simulation, where the physics input is color confineme...

Randomness observed in human speech signals is considered to be a key factor in the naturalness of human speech. This research project has investigated the characteristics of several kinds of randomness observed in human speech signals phonated by normal speakers. Based on the results of the analysis, some advanced techniques for artificially reproducing such randomness were developed with the ...

We have theoretically investigated the effects of random discrete distribution of implanted and annealed arsenic (As) atoms on device characteristics of silicon nanowire (Si NW) transistors. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation is used for generating realistic random distribution of active As atoms in Si NWs. The active As distributions obtained through the kinetic Monte Carlo simulation are introduc...

The works of Rabindranath Tagore have been sung by various artistes over generations spanning over almost 100 years. there are few songs which were popular in the early years and have been able to retain their popularity over the years while some others have faded away. In this study we look to find cues for the singing style of these songs which have kept them alive for all these years. For th...

The detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) [Peng et al., 1994] and its extensions (MF-DFA) [Kantelhardt et al., 2002] have been used extensively to determine possible long-range correlations in self-affine signals. While the DFA has been claimed to be a superior technique, recent reports have indicated its susceptibility to trends in the data. In this report, a smoothing filter is proposed to min...

Over t h e frequency range between 107 cis an d 1010 cis, r adio seein g is controll ed by t he distortions in t he phase of the waves propagating t hrough the eart h 's 'ttmo~ph el' e. For elevation angles above two degrees, t he dorn inant effect is refraction at l 00 j\[c/s, Lhe lolal bending o f abo ut one and one-half degr ees is d ivided equa ll ,v between t il(' t ropospher e and ionosph...

The fluctuation theorem (FT) is a generalization of the second law of thermodynamics that applies to small systems observed for short times. For thermostated systems it gives the probability ratio that entropy will be consumed rather than produced. In the present paper, we propose a version of the FT that applies to thermostated dissipative systems which respond to time-dependent dissipative fi...

We demonstrate that a finite bath fluctuation theorem of the Crooks type holds for systems that have been thermalized via weakly coupling them to a bath with energy independent finite specific heat. We show that this theorem reduces to the known canonical and microcanonical fluctuation theorems in the two respective limiting cases of infinite and vanishing specific heat of the bath. The result ...

= 1, is derived which holds simultaneously with the first relation and where ∆h is proportional to the Hubble constant. Furthermore, the fluctuation theorems are shown to provide a physical criterion to resolve the known discretization dilemma arising in special-relativistic Brownian motion. Explicit examples and a general method for the computation of non-Gaussian entropy fluctuations are prov...