This study examines the effects of "any willing provider" (AWP) and "freedom of choice" (FOC) laws on the market share of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in metropolitan statistical areas over the period 1989-95. We use pooled cross-section time-series regression techniques with year and state fixed effects. HMO market share is hypothesized to be a function of state laws, market charact...

Pathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, distinguished as formae speciales (f. spp.) on the basis of their host specificity, cause crown rots, root rots and vascular wilts on many important crops worldwide. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOC) is particularly problematic to onion growers worldwide and is increasing in prevalence in the UK. We characterized 31 F. oxysporum isolates collected ...

ABSTRACT A worldwide collection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense was analyzed using anonymous, single-copy, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci. Several lines of evidence indicated that this pathogen has a clonal population structure. Of the 165 isolates examined, only 72 RFLP haplotypes were identified, and nearly half the isolates were represented by the five most common ...

Fear of childbirth (FOC) may affect family planning in lesbian, bisexual and transgender (LBT) couples with two potential carriers a pregnancy. FOC has previously been researched heterosexual women, while experiences LBT people have remained unattended. The choice birth-giving partner same-sex gained some attention previous research, but the complexities decision not studied. aim is to explore ...

The main aim of this contribution is to introduce the fundamentals of the Fractional Order Calculus (FOC) and outline its possible application to analysis and synthesis of control systems. The basic theoretical concepts of FOC are followed by techniques for potential fractional order systems description and stability investigation. Moreover, the paper offers the overview of the existing fractio...

Received Oct 27, 2011 Revised Jan 2, 2012 Accepted Mar 24, 2012 This paper presents a comparative study of field-oriented control(FOC), conventional direct torque control(DTC) and proposed space vector modulated direct torque control with low pass filter(SVM-DTC). The main characteristics of FOC, DTC and proposed SVM-DTC schemes are studied by simulation, emphasizing their advantages and disadv...

This paper presents a comparative study on two most popular control strategies for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives: field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC). The comparison is based on various criteria including basic control characteristics, dynamic performance, and implementation complexity. The study is done by simulation using the Simulink Power System B...

The genetic organization of the foc gene cluster has been studied; six genes involved in the biogenesis of F1C fimbriae were identified. focA encodes the major fimbrial subunit, focC encodes a product that is indispensable for fimbria formation, focG and focH encode minor fimbrial subunits, and focI encodes a protein which shows similarities to the subunit protein FocA. Apart from the FocA majo...

BACKGROUND Functional ovarian cysts (FOC) are one of the most common gynecological problems among women of reproductive age. Some studies have shown that diet may affect the function of the ovaries, so this study was performed to determine the association between the amount of dietary fat and functional ovarian cysts. METHODS This case-control study was performed on 264 female patients (132 w...

Fractional order control (FOC) has received widespread attention in recent years due to its efficient tuning capacity, intuitive concept, and enough flexibility. Again, FOC are known be robust with the open loop gain particular. However, design of demands knowledge model modified. But on other hand, linear active disturbance (LADRC) technique is free controller. In achieve better tracking perfo...