Organic farming (or ecological agriculture) is of growing importance in the agricultural sector worldwide. In the Nordic countries, 1-10% of the arable land was in organic production in 1999. Organic farming can be seen as an approach to agriculture where the aim is to create integrated, humane, environmentally and economically sustainable agricultural production systems. Principles like nutrie...

We describe Salmonella control programs of broiler chickens, layer hens, and pigs in Denmark. Major reductions in the incidence of foodborne human salmonellosis have occurred by integrated control of farms and food processing plants. Disease control has been achieved by monitoring the herds and flocks, eliminating infected animals, and diversifying animals (animals and products are processed di...

The amount of energy consumed within an average city block is an order of magnitude higher than that consumed in any other ecosystem over a similar area. This is driven by human food inputs, but the consequence of these resources for urban animal populations is poorly understood. We investigated the role of human foods in ant diets across an urbanization gradient in Manhattan using carbon and n...

Modern food production depends on limited natural resources for providing energy and fertilisers. We assess the fossil fuel dependency for the Danish food production system by means of Food Energy Returned on fossil Energy Invested (Food-EROI) and by the use of energy intensive nutrients from imported livestock feed and commercial fertilisers. The analysis shows that the system requires 221 PJ ...

Future perspectives of the feed sector depends greatly on the evolution of animal food product consumption trends. The objective of this paper is to analyse those trends in Mediterranean countries taking the EU as a reference as it is thought that they are mainly dependent on economic development. However, this is only true to a certain extent as the consumption of animal food products in Arab ...

At pan-European level there is a need for traceability systems giving information on origin, processing, retailing and final destination of foodstuffs. Such systems shall enhance consumer confidence in food; enable the regulatory authorities to identify and to withdraw health hazardous and non-consumable foodstuffs from the market. Animal feeds are an element in this "food-to-farm" approach to ...

The poultry industry in the United States faces numerous challenges that both directly and indirectly impact the sustainability of the nation’s poultry production systems. The intensive selection for fast growth and high feed efficiency in modern-day birds has been accompanied by a weakened immune system, increased disease susceptibility and dependence on in-feed antibiotics. Consumers have voi...

■ 42. Amend § 558.195 as follows: ■ a. In the table in paragraph (e)(1)(i), in the ‘‘Limitations’’ column, remove ‘‘Do not feed to laying chickens.’’ and in its place add ‘‘Do not feed to laying hens producing eggs for human consumption.’’; ■ b. In the table in paragraph (e)(2)(i), in the ‘‘Limitations’’ column, remove ‘‘Do not feed to cows producing milk for food.’’ and in its place add ‘‘Do n...

Upon request from the European Commission, the European Food Safety Authority prepared a scientific report that would aid the future establishment of protocols for chronic toxicity and/or carcinogenicity studies in rodents with whole food/feed. This scientific report provides a commentary on OECD TG 453 with considerations on its applicability to support the safety assessment of long term consu...