[Purpose] To study the correlation of the results obtained from different proprioception test methods, namely, the joint angle reset method, the motion minimum threshold measurement method, and the force sense reproduction method, performed on the same subjects' knees. [Subjects and Methods] Different proprioception test methods, the joint angle reset method, the motion minimum threshold measur...

To facilitate the cell based robot research, we presented a micro-mechanical force measurement system for the biological muscle actuators, which utilize glucose as a power source for potential application in a human body or blood vessels. The system is composed of a micro-manipulator, a force transducer with a glass probe, a signal processor, an inverted microscope and video recoding system. Us...

Understanding the nanoscale electrostatic interaction between a conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe and dielectric film is central to operation of various microscopies determination properties film. There no simple analytical description generated in confined probe-sample geometry for neither static nor dynamic AFM modes used measurements. An accurate involved physics obtained only b...

Shear and normal forces from fingertip contact with a surface are measured by external camera images of the fingernail. Due to mechanical interaction between the surface, fingertip bone, and fingernail, regions of tension or compression are set up that result in reddening or whitening due to blood flow. The effect is quantitative enough to serve as a transducer of fingertip force. Due to indivi...

Cell-cell adhesions serve to mechanically couple cells, allowing for long-range transmission of forces across cells in development, disease, and homeostasis. Recent work has shown that such contacts also play a role in transducing mechanical cues into a wide variety of cellular behaviors important to tissue function. As such, understanding the mechanical regulation of cells through their adhesi...

We report an improved precision measurement of the Casimir force. The force is measured between a large Al coated sphere and flat plate using an Atomic Force Microscope. The primary experimental improvements include the use of smoother metal coatings, reduced noise, lower systematic errors and independent measurement of surface separations. Also the complete dielectric spectrum of the metal is ...

Motivating salespersons is one of the most important aspects of sales force management. The prevalent sales force motivation research stream relies essentially on Vroom’s expectancy theory. In spite of its widespread use, this theory is shown to present a number of shortcomings when applied to many sales force situations. The purpose of this paper is to outline a mathematical formulation of a s...