Hydraulic systems driven by servo valves provide highly accurate control over enormous forces. A servo valve system consists of a transducer, a servo amplifier, a servo valve, and an actuator with a connected load. It is a closed-loop system used for the precise control of the output (load) parameter, such as position, velocity, or force, in response to a command signal. The output is converted...

Construction equipment, agricultural tractors and cross-country vehicles can only perform their given tasks when tyre matches the vehicle design, weight ground on which they operate. This Research involves design fabrication of a digital tractive transducer to measure effects press wheel vertical force germination rate grain crops. Design criteria, calculations analysis various components were ...

Ultrasound elasticity imaging has been developed over the last decade to estimate tissue stiffness. Shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) quantifies tissue stiffness by measuring the speed of propagating shear waves following acoustic radiation force excitation. This work presents the sequencing and data processing protocols of SWEI using a Verasonics system. The selection of the sequence parame...

Ground reaction force data and tibial accelerations from a skin-mounted transducer were collected during rearfoot running at 3.3 m/s across a force platform. Five repetitive trials from 27 subjects in each of 19 different footwear conditions were evaluated. Ground reaction force as well as tibial acceleration parameters were found to be useful for the evaluation of the cushioning properties of ...

High performance force sensors often encounter the conflicting requirements of fine sensitivity and wide bandwidth. While there is an intrinsic tradeoff between these two metrics that cannot be physically avoided for any force transducer, through proper optimization the product of these two can be maximized. Similarly, the requirements of multiple sensing axes and overall compactness are also o...

In this paper, a simple piezoelectric floating mass transducer (PFMT) for implantable middle ear hearing devices (IMEHDs) is proposed and its modeling and designing are studied. The transducer which can be implanted in the meddle ear consists of a PMN-PT multi-layered piezoelectric actuator, an elastic material, and a metal case. The proposed transducer has a simple structure and the force gene...

We investigated the effects of operator-applied force on diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) by integrating a force transducer into the handheld probe. Over the typical range of contact forces measured in the breasts of eight patients, absorption and reduced scattering coefficients (650 to 1000 nm) variance was 3.1 +/- 1.0% and 1.0 +/- 0.4%. For trained operators, we observed <5% variation in he...

Using light as a probe to detect mechanical motion is one of the most successful experimental approaches in physics. The history sensing based on reflection, refraction and scattering dates back 16th century, where Cavendish experiment, angle rotation induced by gravitational force measured deflection beam reflected from mirror attached suspension. In modern science, mechano-optical transducers...