BACKGROUND The association between income inequality and societal performance has been intensely debated in recent decades. This paper reports how unmet need for medical care has changed in Europe during The Great Recession, and investigates whether countries with smaller income differences have been more successful than inegalitarian countries in protecting access to medical care during an eco...

We test whether deviations from Nash equilibrium in rent-seeking contests can be explained by the slow convergence of payoff-based learning. identify and eliminate two noise sources that down learning: first, opponents are changing their actions across rounds; second, payoffs probabilistic, which reduces correlation between expected realized payoffs. find average choices not significantly diffe...

Australian Institute of Family Studies cost”; earnings were foregone as a result of these activities. The study followed the methodology of comparing the earnings of women in regression analyses, controlling for a host of human capital, demographic and fertility characteristics. That research suggested that in 1986 a first child was associated with a woman with secondary level education earning...

abstract efficiency concept has a long history in the sciences and its measurement and analysis is a vital importance for firms to achieve the best performance. hence, the aim of this paper is efficiency evaluation of mahan air compared to iata member airlines in middle east and africa. for this purpose, the indicators include available ton kilometer, revenue ton kilometer, revenue passenger ki...