This paper studies the e¤ect of foreign lobbies on trade policy of a country which is a member of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). It uses a monopolistically competitive political economy model in which the government determines external tari¤s endogenously. The e¤ect of foreign lobbying under the FTA is examined empirically using Canadian industry-level trade data that allow di¤erentiating of lob...

T his paper is an attempt investigating the relationship between sanctions implications and geographical shift in trading partners. To this end, we analyze separately foreign trade patterns of two countries namely Iran and Russia - which are under imposed sanctions experience - with two United Nations Regional Groups (The Asia-Pacific and the Western European groups)  using a gravity...

Firms need to incur substantial sunk costs to break in foreign markets, yet many give up exporting shortly after their first experience, which typically involves very small sales. Conversely, other new exporters shoot up their foreign sales and expand to new destinations. We investigate a simple theoretical mechanism that can rationalize these patterns. A firm discovers its profitability as an ...

Since the early seventies an increasing attention has been paid to the impact environmental policy has on foreign trade. One of the most important issues is whether countries with relatively strict environmental regulat ions tend to experience a deterioration of international competitiveness and thus a fall in the exports, and a rise in the imports, of the pollutionintensive commodities or, on ...

the current study examines the impact of trade openness and business environment on foreign direct investment among 23 countries in southwest asia over the period 2004 to 2012. the research approach is econometric and the generalized regression of panel data was used to test the effect of the variables of interest. the results show that trade openness directly (coefficient of 0.002, p-value = 0...