Online machine learning rules and many biological spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) learning rules generate jump process Markov chains for the synaptic weights. We give a perturbation expansion for the dynamics that, unlike the usual approximation by a Fokker-Planck equation (FPE), is well justified. Our approach extends the related system size expansion by giving an expansion for the pr...

An efficient method is presented as a means of an approximate, analytic timedependent solution of the Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) for the linear Langevin model subjected to additive and multiplicative noise. We have assumed that the dynamical distribution has the same structure as the exact stationary one and that its parameters are expressed in terms of first and second moments, whose equatio...

If humanoid robots are to be used in society, they should be able to maintain their balance. Knowing where to step is crucially important. In this paper we contribute an algorithm that can compute the foot step location such that bipedal balance is maintained for planar bipeds with point feet and an arbitrary number of non‐massless links on a horizontal and ...

In prior studies, we showed that cholera (CTX) and pertussis toxins (PTX) increase rat liver endosome acidification. This study was performed to characterize the effects of these toxins and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on endosome ion transport, fluid-phase endocytosis (FPE), and endosome trafficking in liver. In control liver, more mature populations of endosomes acidified progressive...

Bifunctional dendrons based on 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA) are highly desirable scaffolds for biomedical applications. This is due to their flawless nature and large and exact number of functional groups as well as being biodegradable and biocompatible. Herein, we describe a facile divergent growth approach to their synthesis from monobenzylated tetraethylene glycol and post funct...

Format Preserving Encryption (FPE) schemes encrypt a plaintext into a ciphertext while preserving its format (e.g., a valid social-security number is encrypted into a valid social-security number), thus allowing encrypted data to be stored and used in the same manner as unencrypted data. Motivated by the always-increasing use of cloud-computing and memory delegation, which require preserving bo...

BACKGROUND Dendrin is an 81-kD cytosolic protein hitherto described in the brain, where it is associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Recently, we found dendrin in foot processes of mouse glomerular podocytes. Here we describe its expression both during mouse glomerulogenesis and in the normal and diseased human kidney for the first time. METHODS Dendrin expression was characterized using RT-...

During fluid phase endocytosis (FPE) in plant storage cells, the vacuole receives a considerable amount of membrane and fluid contents. If allowed to accumulate over a period of time, the enlarging tonoplast and increase in fluids would invariably disrupt the structural equilibrium of the mature cells. Therefore, a membrane retrieval process must exist that will guarantee membrane homeostasis i...

Proper attachment of microtubules to kinetochores is essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Here, we report a novel protein involved in kinetochore-microtubule attachment, chromosome alignment-maintaining phosphoprotein (CAMP) (C13orf8, ZNF828). CAMP is a zinc-finger protein containing three characteristic repeat motifs termed the WK, SPE, and FPE motifs. CAMP localizes to chromosomes a...

Tillage operations disrupt surface layers of agricultural soils, creating a loosened structure with a substantial proportion of interaggregate porosity that enhances liquid and gaseous exchange properties favorable for plant growth. Unfortunately, such desirable soil tilth is structurally unstable and is susceptible to change by subsequent wetting and drying processes and other mechanical stres...