An evaluation of the Advanced micro-osmometer is presented. This instrument has been shown to have an excellent analytical precision (within-run CV = 0.59%, between-day CV = 0.58%). It is accurate over an analytical range of 0-2000 mmol/kg of osmolality shown by linearity studies and split sample correlations against vapour pressure osmometry, freezing point osmometry and an external quality as...

The problem of freezing will be considered from two standpoints: first, the local lesion and the therapeutic management of the frozen member, and second, the general effects of freezing including the possible presence of secondary shock and depression of the general body temperature. The literature on freezing as compared with burns is not very extensive. This may be accounted for by the fact t...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the basic freezing point of buffalo milk. Bulk milk samples were collected from buffalo and cattle farms in Caserta area from 2008 to 2014. The analysis involved a total of 1886 buffalo milk samples and 1711 bovine milk samples. These were also tested for fat, protein and lactose contents by means of infrared spectrometry. The freezing point was determined ...

Frozen fraction measurements made using a droplet free-fall freezing tube apparatus are presented and used, with other recent laboratory measurements, to evaluate how well both the water activity idea and the translated meltingpoint curve idea of Koop et al. (2000) predict homogeneous freezing-point temperatures for aqueous ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid solution droplets. The new freezing-...

Cells of oat coleoptiles (Avena sativa L. cv. "Garry") have been osmotically shocked in order to observe the effect of alterations of the plasma membrane on some auxin responses. When coleoptile sections were treated sequentially with 0.5 m mannitol and 1 mm Na-phosphate (pH 6.4) at 4 C, polar auxin transport and acidification by 1 mM CaCl(2) were unaffected, but auxin-stimulated acidification ...

Solutions of sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, ethanol, acetic acid, and methanol, in concentrations ranging from 10−7 to 0.1 molar, were frozen under controlled conditions to measure the dependence of ice-spike formation on chemical impurities in water. The probability of ice-spike formation was plotted against molarity of solution to determine general trends for different solutes. The var...

Abstract A new zinc fixed-point cell for the dissemination of International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) was realized at Italian National Metrological Institute (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, INRiM). This paper presents results its characterization, including fabrication details. In particular, immersion effects and influences impurities on freezing point were studied. The open-type ...