The functional esophageal disorders include globus, rumination syndrome, and symptoms that typify esophageal diseases (chest pain, heartburn, and dysphagia). Factors responsible for symptom production are poorly understood. The criteria for diagnosis rest not only on compatible symptoms but also on exclusion of structural and metabolic disorders that might mimic the functional disorders. Additi...

The Rome diagnostic criteria for the functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain are used widely in research and practice. A committee consensus approach, including criticism from multinational expert reviewers, was used to revise the diagnostic criteria and update diagnosis and treatment recommendations, based on research results. The terminology was clarified and the diagnostic c...

functional gastrointestinal disorders (fgids) are a common problem in children. these disorders in children are classified into the following categories according to the rome iii classification: functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), abdominal migraines, childhood functional abdominal pain (fap), childhood functional abdominal pain syndrome and functional constipation. fgids are ...

social cognition is defined as the capacity to generate, perceive and interpret and responses to the dispositions, intentions and behaviors of other people. it includes different specific cognitive processes that underlie social interactions. four domains of social cognition are named theory of mind (also known as mentalizing), emotion recognition, social perception and attributional style. anx...