During the past two decades probiotic (health promoting) micro-organisms have been increasingly included in various types of food products, especially in fermented milks. Several aspects, including safety, functional and technological characteristics, have to be taken into consideration in the selection process of probiotic micro-organisms. Safety aspects include specifications such as origin (...

The development of software for domains such as avionics, automotive and healthcare is heavily regulated via safety standards. The effort to interpret the underlying standards is cumbersome and time consuming. The certification of components is expensive. Changing the components or applying the components in another domain involves in many cases re-certification. The representation of relevant ...

This chapter deals with the functional safety of distributed embedded control systems following the component-based approach. The authors define a new concept of components called “Control Component” (CC) to cover all of the used technologies in industry. To guarantee the functional safety of distributed control software components, the authors define an agent-based architecture where an intell...

Traditionally, the application of safety voted-groups architectures is a matter of redundancy, where hardware and software components are replicated and become a source of vulnerabilities with decreased system reliability as a whole, therefore necessity of functional diversity design is become essential. Well known diversity approach for similar erroneous results mitigation is widely used, but ...

Many systems used by the CERN accelerators and the technical infrastructure have to respect stringent requirements in terms of reliability, safety, availability and maintainability either for operation, security, or legal aspects such as the one required by French Regulatory Authority: the INB (Installations Nucléaires de Base ). The functional safety approach provides a structured method for a...

The international standard for functional safety of systems involving programmable-electronic components, IEC 61508, has been valid since the late 1990's, and Version 2 has just become valid [IEC10]. The scope of the standard is, generally, everything except avionics and medical equipment. It is based on the approach, novel at that time, of quantifying and reducing risk until it is acceptable, ...

The significant increase in the complexity and autonomy of the hardware systems renders the verification of the functional safety of each individual component as well as of the entire system a complex task and underlines the need for integrated, model based tools that would assist this process. In this paper the authors present such a tool, coupled with an approach to functional safety analysis...

In line with the advancing technology, reliability has become one of critical factors to be taken into consideration by operators in energy sector minimize losses regarding cost and time. This issue is directly related elements, namely subsystems that make up system. study examines control architecture speed governing system within turbine hydroelectric power plants, which regarded as a provide...

This white paper lays out some foundational information about different approaches to safety: how various industries differ in their approaches to safety engineering, and a comparison of three general approaches to safety (system safety, industrial safety engineering, and reliability engineering). An attempt is made to lay out the properties of industries and systems that make one approach more...