Small-study effects are a common threat in systematic reviews and may indicate publication bias. Their existence is often verified by visual inspection of the funnel plot. Formal tests to assess the presence of funnel plot asymmetry typically estimate the association between the reported effect size and their standard error, the total sample size, or the inverse of the total sample size. In thi...

It has been well accepted that the folding energy landscape may resemble a funnel according to the theory of protein folding. This theory of “folding funnel” has been extensively studied and thought to play an important role in guiding the sampling process of the protein folding and refinement in protein structure prediction. Here, we have investigated the relationship between the “funnel liken...

OBJECTIVE To use funnel plots and cumulative funnel plots to compare in-hospital outcome data for operators undertaking percutaneous coronary interventions with predicted results derived from a validated risk score to allow for early detection of variation in performance. DESIGN Analysis of prospectively collected data. SETTING Tertiary centre NHS hospital in the north east of England. PA...

We explore flow of a completely wetting fluid in funnel, with particular focus on contact line instabilities at the front. While funnel may be related to number other configurations as limiting cases, understanding its stability is complicated due presence additional azimuthal curvature, well convergent effects imposed by geometry. Convergent nature leads thickening film, therefore influencing ...

The article is dedicated to determining the practical value of principles building such a marketing tool instrument as sales tunnel. Sales are key success any enterprise, most important task, research and decision-making at all levels management. Efficient management practices essential for competitive strategy company. funnel model aimed client which accurately demonstrates stages customer pro...

We assessed the relative effectiveness of pitfal ls , s ingle-ended, and double-ended funnel traps at 12 replicate sites in sand pine scrub using drift fence arrays. Pitfalls captured fewer species but yielded more individuals of many species and higher average species r ichness than funnel traps. Pit fal ls and funnel traps exhibited differential capture bias probably due to differences in beh...

Structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) have recently demonstrated the ability for near lossless ion focusing, transfer, and trapping in subatmospheric pressure regions. While lossless ion manipulations are advantageously applied to the applications of ion mobility separations and gas phase reactions, ion introduction through ring electrode ion funnels or more conventional ion optics t...