As software cost drivers are fuzzy and uncertain, software cost estimates are prone to a certain degree of estimation errors especially in their early stages of software development life cycle. However, most of the existing software cost estimation models in present literature only generate a single point estimate and do not explicitly reveal the degree of risks caused by their inaccuracies. Th...

minimizing production costs for a certain amount of product is one of the main concerns for managers of agricultural and animal husbandry units. much of the cost of a unit of livestock (almost 75%) is related to methods of nutrition and ration. accordingly, using some methods to reduce costs, including methods of mathematical programming, is required. the linear programming model was used as th...

A fuzzy linear programming approach is taken to solve an extended mathematical linear programming model to handle two important problems in cellular manufacturing systems simultaneously: Cell formation and layout design. We seek to minimize the total cost of inter-cell and intra-cell (forward and backward) movements and the cost of machines. The fuzzy demand and fuzzy machine capacity are also ...

a shortest path problem is a practical issue in networks for real-world situations. this paper addresses the fuzzy shortest path (fsp) problem to obtain the best fuzzy path among fuzzy paths sets. for this purpose, a new efficient algorithm is introduced based on a new definition of ideal fuzzy sets (ifss) in order to determine the fuzzy shortest path. moreover, this algorithm is developed for ...

This paper proposes the procedure to find out the total average cost in terms of crisp values for /M/1/BD/MV with fuzzy parameters. In which arrival rate, service rate, batch size, setup, vacation, breakdown, repair rates, and the start up ,build up, holding, setup, dormant, breakdown costs and cost for busy and vacation periods are all considered as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. As ranking techni...

1 – Fuzzy control of queues is a new method for controlling cost of the system, number of customers waiting in the queue and many other aspects of queues. This paper proposes fuzzy control approach for reducing cost of the system. 1 / / F M (Poisson arrival and fuzzy service rate) with flexible service time is examined in this paper. All the fuzzy mathematics rules in this paper are based on Za...

here we consider the p-center problem on different types of fuzzy networks. in particular, we are interested in the networks with interval and triangular fuzzy arc lengths and vertex-weights. a methodology to obtain the best satisfaction level of the decision maker who wishes to reduce the cost within the tolerance limits is proposed. illustrative examples are provided.

Train pathing is a typical problem which is to assign the train trips on the sets of rail segments, such as rail tracks and links. This paper focuses on the train pathing problem, determining the paths of the train trips in emergencies. We analyze the influencing factors of train pathing, such as transferring cost, running cost, and social adverse effect cost. With the overall consideration of ...

This paper considers a probabilistic inventory model with uniform leadtime demand and fuzzy cost components under probabilistic and imprecise constraints. Firstly we solve the model by general fuzzy non-linear programming technique. Then intuitionistic fuzzy optimization technique is applied and finally, regarding the optimization of the objective function a comparative study is presented among...

classical deterministic inventory models consider the demand rate to be either constant or time-dependent but independent from the stock status. however, for a certain type of inventory, the demand rate may be in-fluenced by the stock level. also in many real-life problems, some products such as fruits, vegetables, phar-maceuticals and volatile liquids continuously deteriorate to evaporation, o...