In this paper we answer a question of Wayne Lewis by proving that if X is a one-dimensional, hereditarily indecomposable continuum and if HX(X) is finitely generated, then C(X), the hyperspace of subcontinua of X, has dimension 2. Let C(A) be the hyperspace of subcontinua of the continuum X with the topology determined by the Hausdorff metric. A classical theorem of J. L. Kelley [4] asserts tha...

In this paper, we propose a framework based on a sub-symbolic approach for the support of exploratory activities (e.g. learning, training and education) in a hyperspace. By using our framework, it is possible to extract the knowledge on the semantic features of the whole hyperspace and the states of exploratory activities and structure in topological order. This approach is applied to generate ...

Conventional forces like gravitation and electromagnetism vary with the square of the distance. This is because the corresponding force is scattered into 3 dimensions due to the distribution of virtual gravitons or photons of the corresponding field in a 3D-space. In an analogous way, the Casimir force, that varies with the 4th power of the distance, ought to arise from bosons distributed in a ...

Our laboratory has previously shown that it is possible to elucidate novel physiological relationships by analyzing the left ventricular pressure (P) contour in the phase [time derivative of P (dP/dt) vs. P] plane (Eucker SA, Lisauskas JB, Singh J, and Kovács SJ, J Appl Physiol 90: 2238-2244, 2001). To further characterize cardiac physiology, we introduce a method that combines P-volume (V) and...

There are several methods for estimating the SoC of lithium-ion batteries that use electrochemical battery models or artificial intelligence and intelligent algorithms. These have numerous advantages but complex computationally intensive. This paper presents a new method based on identifying transfer function measured voltage response to charging current pulse. It is assumed changes with state ...