Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is capable of noninvasively measuring blood flow by magnetically tagging the protons in arterial blood, which has been conventionally achieved using instantaneous (PASL) or continuous (CASL) RF pulses. As an intermediate method, pseudocontinuous ASL (pCASL) utilizes a train of discrete RF pulses to mimic continuous tagging that is often unavailable on imagers due to...

Flow-territory mapping by MR imaging ASL noninvasively provides a unique insight into the distribution of cerebral perfusion. The introduction of planning-free vessel-encoded pCASL made flow-territory mapping feasible for clinical use, though lack of individual planning could impede reproducibility of this technique. We assessed the reproducibility of planning-free vessel-encoded pCASL in patie...

it is well known fact that binary relations are generalized mathematical functions. contrary to functions from domain to range, binary relations may assign to each element of domain two or more elements of range. some basic operations on functions such as the inverse and composition are applicable to binary relations as well. depending on the domain or range or both are fuzzy value fuzzy set, i...

in this paper we define ( , ) k  q -fuzzy h -sub hemirings, ( , ) k  q -fuzzy h -ideals, ( , ) k  q - fuzzy     h -bi-ideals and ( , ) k  q -fuzzy h -quasi-ideals. we characterize h -hemiregular and h -intrahemiregular hemirings by the properties of their     ( , ) k  q -fuzzy h -ideals, ( , ) k  q -fuzzy h -bi-ideals and     ( , ) k  q -fuzzy h -quasi-...

the starting point of this paper is given by priestley’s papers, where a theory of representation of distributive lattices is presented. the purpose of this paper is to develop a representation theory of fuzzy distributive lattices in the finite case. in this way, some results of priestley’s papers are extended. in the main theorem, we show that the category of finite fuzzy priestley space...

fuzzy measures are suitable in analyzing human subjective evaluation processes. several different strategies have been proposed for distance of fuzzy numbers. the distances introduced for fuzzy numbers can be categorized in two groups:1. the crisp distances which explain crisp values for the distance between two fuzzy numbers.2. the fuzzy distance which introduce a fuzzy distance for normal fuz...

in this paper, new definitions of $l$-fuzzy closure operator, $l$-fuzzy interior operator, $l$-fuzzy remote neighborhood system, $l$-fuzzy neighborhood system and $l$-fuzzy quasi-coincident neighborhood system are proposed. it is proved that the category of $l$-fuzzy closure spaces, the category of $l$-fuzzy interior spaces, the category of $l$-fuzzy remote neighborhood spaces, the category of ...