g -aminobutiric acid (gaba), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system has two major receptor subtypes (gabaa and gabab). gabab receptors are activated by the antispastic and muscle relaxant agent, baclofen, which is a lipophilic derivative of gaba. since 1962 several strategies have been reported for the synthesis of baclofen.in this study an approach has been made to...

introduction: compounds which are used to treat organophosphate (op) poisoning are not able to fully alleviate long lasting effects. they are mainly used to antagonize cholinergic effects of ops. however, non-cholinergic effects, such as interference with different neurotransmitter systems, especially gaba release and uptake, are recently attracting more attentions. we have tried to investigate...

In the adult neurogenic subventricular zone (SVZ), the behavior of astrocyte-like cells and some of their functions depend on changes in intracellular Ca(2+) levels and tonic GABA(A) receptor activation. However, it is unknown whether, and if so how, GABA(A) receptor activity regulates intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics in SVZ astrocytes. To monitor Ca(2+) activity selectively in astrocyte-like cell...

The role of neurotransmitters in the activity of resting state networks has been gaining attention and has become a field of research with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) being one of the key techniques. MRS permits the measurement of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate levels, the central biochemical constituents of the excitation-inhibition balance in vivo. The inhibitory effects o...

CONTEXT Increasing evidence indicates that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with altered function of the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively. A recently developed magnetic resonance spectroscopy method allows for reliable measurement of glutamate/glutamine (Glx) and GABA concentrations in prefrontal brain regi...

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter of the human brain, and GABA-ergic dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent MRS techniques have allowed the quantification of GABA concentrations in vivo, and could therefore provide biologically relevant information. Few reports have formally characterized the reproducibility of these ...

background: neurotransmitter release is an essential link in cell communication of the nervous system. many investigations have focused on gamma amino butyric acid (gaba)-ergic neurotransmission, because it has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several central nervous system disorders. to bypass complications related to homo- and heterosynaptic modulation and to avoid indirect interpret...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Bombax costatum Pellegr. et Vuillet. (Bombacaceaea) is a plant used in traditional medicine Cameroon to treat memory impairment, anxiety, insomnia and agitation. Aim of the study: The aqueous extract evaluated for its anxiolytic like effect mice using experimental models. Materials methods: administered orally mice. They were tested one hour later stress-induced ...

Introduction: Paraoxon (the neurotoxic metabolite of organophosphorus (OP) insecticide, parathion) exerts acute toxicity by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine in cholinergic synapses and hence overstimulation of the cholinergic system. Since, reports on changes in the level of γ- amino butyric acid (GABA) during OP-induced convulsion have bee...

Introduction We evaluated whether 12-week intake of molecular hydrogen (H2) in 5 overweight adults (3 women; age: 50.2 ±11.9 years, body mass index: 29.4 ±2.1 kg/m2) affects brain levels the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle, critical amino acid neurotransmitters mechanism neuronal activation during appetite regulation. Material and methods A 1.5-T single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectrosco...