14 15 16. CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not. Abstract. mRNA subcellular localization is a crucial determinant of eukaryotic gene 17 expression. For retroviruses including HIV-1, the unspliced genomic RNA (gRNA) 18 serves both as the mRNA encoding Gag/Gag-Pol capsid protein...

M2BP (also called 90K) is an interferon-stimulated gene product that is upregulated in HIV-1 infection. A recent study revealed that M2BP reduces the infectivity of HIV-1 by inhibiting the processing of the viral envelope protein. Here we report that in addition to reducing viral infectivity, M2BP inhibits HIV-1 virion production. We provide evidence showing that M2BP inhibits HIV-1 Gag traffic...

The pol (for polymerase) gene of the murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) is expressed in the form of a large Gag-Pol precursor protein by the suppression of translational termination, or enhanced readthrough, of a UAG stop codon at the end of gag. A search for cellular proteins that interact with the reverse transcriptase of Moloney MuLV resulted in the identification of eRF1, the eukaryotic transl...

BACKGROUND Use of antiretroviral-based microbicides for HIV-1 prophylaxis could introduce a transmission barrier that inadvertently facilitates the selection of fitter viral variants among incident infections. To investigate this, we assessed the in vitro function of gag-protease and nef sequences from participants who acquired HIV-1 during the CAPRISA 004 1% tenofovir microbicide gel trial. ...

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains endow extracellular matrix proteoglycans with diversity and complexity based upon the length, composition and charge distribution of the polysaccharide chain. Using cultured primary neurons, we show that specific sulfation in the GAG chains of chondroitin sulfate mediates neuronal guidance cues and axonal growth inhibition. Chondroitin-4-sulfate (CS-A), but n...

Background & Aim: A gag reflex (GR) can be a problem to compliance and delivery of dental treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Diospyros kaki L. fruit extract in controlling gag reflex during dental treatment. Experimental: Our study was a randomized double blind controlled trial with convenient sampling on 84 patients that is candidate for ra...

Background & Aim: A gag reflex (GR) can be a problem to compliance and delivery of dental treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Diospyros kaki L. fruit extract in controlling gag reflex during dental treatment. Experimental: Our study was a randomized double blind controlled trial with convenient sampling on 84 patients that is candidate for ra...

13 14 15. CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not. 16 17 The spatial distribution of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) within the cytoplasm can be a crucial 18 determinant of gene expression. Here we provide evidence that a devastating viral pathogen, 19 human immunodeficiency virus type 1...

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive loss of articular cartilage components, mainly proteoglycans (PGs), leading to destruction of the tissue. We investigate a therapeutic strategy based on stimulation of PG synthesis by gene transfer of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-synthesizing enzyme, beta1,3-glucuronosyltransferase-I (GlcAT-I) to promote cartilage repa...

The domestication of foreign genes is a powerful mechanism for new gene formation and genome evolution. It is known that domesticated retroviral gag genes in mammals not only take part in protecting against viral infection but also control cell division, apoptosis, function of the placenta, and other biological processes. In this study, we focused on the domesticated retroviral gag gene homolog...