lacA coding for beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) was cloned from the genomic DNA of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40. There were 9 exons in lacA and the coding region of 3,015 bp encoded a protein of 1,005 aa with a deduced molecular mass of 109,898. A. oryzae lacA was highly homologous to fungal beta-gals, with the highest aa identity of 70.7% to A. niger lacA, and also showed significant identity to aci...

Automated synthesis from behavioural specifications is an attractive way of constructing computational systems. In this paper, we look at a specific instance of this approach which aims at constructing GALS (globally asynchronous locally synchronous) systems. GALS systems are represented by Petri nets with localities, each locality defining a set of co-located actions, and specifications are gi...

The growing variability and complexity of advanced CMOS technologies makes the physical design of clocked logic in large Systems-on-Chip more and more challenging. Asynchronous logic has been studied for many years and become an attractive solution for a broad range of applications, from massively parallel multi-media systems to systems with ultra-low power & low-noise constraints, like cryptog...

We present a method for synchronizing pausible clocks in GALS (Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous) systems. In contrast to most conventional GALS schemes the method is not based on including in each ring oscillator a synchronizing element (such as for instance an arbiter) which on one side can pause the clock and on the other side offers a handshake interface. Instead, we propose a sche...

Although retiming is a well known method to optimize various characteristics of synchronous circuits, this method has rarely been applied to the synchronous blocks of a Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) system. In this paper, communication protocols of gated-clock based wrappers have been analyzed for applying retiming algorithm to improve performance. Through the introduction of...

Synchronizers and arbiters are important components of any Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous network. They contribute to latency, because of the synchronization time required for reliability, and to metastability delay in the arbiters. Simple models of metastability have served us well up to now, but more recently work on the characterisation of deep metastability has demonstrated effe...

In this paper, we propose an approach based on dataflow techniques for modeling application-specific, globally asynchronous, locally synchronous (GALS) architectures for digital signal processing (DSP) applications, and analyzing the performance of such architectures. Dataflow-based techniques are attractive for DSP applications because they allow application behavior to be represented formally...

that the pollen grains had germinated and that the pollen tubes had penetrated the stylar tissue. Demerec's third suggestion remains as a possibility and a fourth may be added which is likewise untested. The failure of gal pollen to fertilize Gals plants may be independent of stylar interaction altogether, and may involve some abnormal reaction within the ovule, such as inability of the pollen ...