This study evaluated the effects of serotonergic psychoactive agents on gastrointestinal functions in healthy human subjects. Participants received one of four regimens in a randomized, double-blind manner: buspirone, a 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist (10 mg twice daily); paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (20 mg daily); venlafaxine-XR, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reupt...

Nitric oxide is a crucial mediator of gastrointestinal mucosal defense, but, paradoxically, it also contributes to mucosal injury in several situations. Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis and compounds that release nitric oxide have been useful pharmacological tools for evaluating the role of nitric oxide in gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. Newer inhibitors with selectivity fo...

Bacterial infection today occupies a tremendous place in world health. The diseases were kept under control after the development of penicillin and further studies performed on new antibacterial agents. However, to date, bacterial resistance caused big failure treatment infectious disease therefore, agents became important for human In present study, we have designed, synthesized elucidated str...

Gastrointestinal cells express a diverse group of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms that play critical roles in a number of cell functions, including intracellular signaling and barrier integrity. PKC isoforms expressed by gastrointestinal epithelial cells consist of three major PKC subfamilies: conventional isoforms (alpha, beta1, beta2, and gamma), novel isoforms (delta, epsilon, theta, eta, an...

Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) such as Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban and Edoxaban are becoming increasingly popular choices for anticoagulation in place of oral Vitamin K Antagonists in various clinical settings. However, they are thought to be associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Moreover, no specific antidote is available which can rapidly reverse the anti-co...

INTRODUCTION The aim was to develop a simple method to study modification of gastric motility in the mouse in vivo. METHODS Mice were fed a hydrated diet in which the fluid content of standard laboratory chow was increased by adding water. Gastric emptying was assessed at specified times following a 1-h treatment period with orally administered pharmacological agents. RESULTS We demonstrate...

Antimicrobial agents are the most valuable means available for treating bacterial infections. However, the administration of therapeutic doses of antimicrobial agents to patients is a leading cause of disturbance of the normal gastrointestinal microflora. This disturbance results in diminishing the natural defense mechanisms provided by the colonic microbial ecosystem, making the host vulnerabl...

Unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin are the most commonly used antithrombotic and thromboprophylactic agents in hospital practice. Extended out-of-hospital treatment is inconvenient in that these agents must be administered parenterally. Current research is directed at development of a safe and effective oral antithrombotic agent as an alternative for the effective, yet diff...

The recent paper by H. E. Muller (3) on the role of the Morganella-Proteus-Providencia group in diarrheal disease raises some important points. Previous reports have speculated on the role of these organisms in gastrointestinal disease (1, 2, 4). To date, no specific mechanism of pathogenicity has been described which links the Proteeae with infectious diarrhea. The prevalence study reported by...

A variety of common and some not common gastrointestinal syndromes are thought to be based on impaired gut motility. For some, the role of motility is well defined, for others and the functional gastrointestinal disorders, in particular, the role of hy-po- or dysmotility remains unclear. Over the years pharmacological and physiological laboratories have developed drugs which stimulate gut motil...