New neurons are added into the mammalian olfactory bulb throughout life, but it remains unknown whether the properties of new neurons generated in newborn animals differ from those added during adulthood. We compared the densities of glutamatergic synapses of granule cells (GCs) generated in newborn and adult rats over extended periods of time. We observed that, whereas adult-born GCs maintaine...

Hippocampal granule cells (GCs) are generated throughout the lifetime and are properly incorporated into the innermost region of the granule cell layer (GCL). Hypotheses for the well-regulated lamination of newly generated GCs suggest that polysialic acid (PSA) is present on the GC surface to modulate GC-to-GC interactions, regulating the process of GC migration; however, direct evidence of thi...

Published results from our laboratory identified prohibitin (PHB), a gene product expressed in granulosa cells (GCs) that progressively increases during follicle maturation. Our current in vitro studies demonstrate that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates Phb expression in rat primary GCs. The FSH-dependent expression of PHB was primarily localized within mitochondria, and positively ...

Ceramide glycosylation, through glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), allows cellular escape from ceramide-induced programmed cell death. This glycosylation event confers cancer cell resistance to cytotoxic anticancer agents [Liu, Y. Y., Han, T. Y., Giuliano, A. E., and M. C. Cabot. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 1140-1146]. We previously found that glucosylceramide, the glycosylated form of ceramide, a...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and low Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores may have severe injury associated with cellular disruption that can be studied with whole-brain apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histograms. We retrospectively studied this hypothesis and correlated ADC with GCS. METHODS Twenty-one patients (37.81 +/- 41.3 years) with TBI were enrolle...

OBJECTIVE To examine possible changes in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores related to changes in emergency management, such as intubation and chemical paralysis, and the potential impact on outcome prediction. PARTICIPANTS 10 228 patients from the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems national database. DESIGN Retrospective study examining 5-year epochs from 1987 to 2012. MAIN MEASURES GCS s...

gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of glutathione. gamma-GCS consists of a heavy and a light subunit encoded by separate genes. Hereditary deficiency of GCS has been reported in 6 patients with hemolytic anemia and low erythrocyte levels of glutathione and gamma-glutamylcysteine. In addition, 2 patients also had generalized a...

Group C streptococci (GCS) are livestock pathogens and they often cause zoonotic diseases in humans. They are Gram-positive, in mostly β-hemolytic and facultative anaerobes. Because of their close evolutionary kinship with group A streptococci (GAS), GCS share many common virulence factors with GAS and cause a similar range of diseases. Due to the exchange of genetic material with GAS, GCS belo...

OBJECTIVE Narrative review of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) methodology. DESIGN Narrative review of published papers describing methodological aspects of the GCS, from Premedline, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Ovid Nursing databases from 1950 to May 2012. RESULTS Examination of 18,851 references limited to descriptions of GCS development, pathophysiological correlations, examination techniques, co...

Groupware calendar systems (GCS)—on-line, networked calendar software—are increasingly being used in large organizations. This paper presents a study of the use of GCS in organizations. It reviews major issues in the area, showing that current efforts lack attention to the temporal aspect, which seems to be at the center of a GCS. Sociotemporal order is a foundation of social organization, and ...