In nature there is a theoretical gene pool from which microorganisms can acquire genetic determinants that increase their chances of survival in hostile environments. This gene pool consists of genomic DNA, plasmids, phages, insertion sequences, and transposable elements, all of which exist in a dynamic equilibrium. Among the genes that can be obtained by bacteria are those encoding antimicrobi...

objective: the itpa gene is responsible to remove free deaminated purine nucleotides of itp, ditp and xtp from nucleotide pool of the cells. it seems that dysfunction in its activity, not only can increas the base substitution mutations frequency but also can works as a contrived factor to creating instability in genetic materials of the cells. there are several reports about the existence of s...

Genourbanology (the synthesis of system ecology and population genetics) is a new scientific and practical school of thought, founded and developed by the authors. The task of genourbanology consists in studying the genetic parameters and laws of stability conservation of ecosystems and ecosystem restoration in anthropogenic and, in particular, urbanized landscapes. An ecological genetic techno...

Plant, and particularly cereal genomes, are challenging to sequence due to their large size and high repetitive DNA content. Gene-enrichment strategies are alternative or complementary approaches to complete genome sequencing that yield, rapidly and inexpensively, useful sequence data from large and complex genomes. The maize genome is large (2.7 Gbp) and contains large amounts of conserved rep...

New recombination operators based on fuzzy and gene pool recombination are introduced for continuous genes. The performance of the operators is analyzed by means of the equation describing the response to selection. The operators are evaluated according to a new design criterion: maximizing the product of heritability and standard deviation. By means of a transformation to Eigenspace unimodal f...

Objective(s): Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens which can stay alive and multiply in professional and nonprofessional phagocytes. Immunity against Brucella melitensis involves antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells activation and humoral immune responses. Due to negative aspects of live attenuated vaccines, much attention has been focused on finding Brucella-protective antig...

The Isthmus of Panama--the narrow neck of land connecting the northern and southern American landmasses--was an obligatory corridor for the Paleo-Indians as they moved into South America. Archaeological evidence suggests an unbroken link between modern natives and their Paleo-Indian ancestors in some areas of Panama, even if the surviving indigenous groups account for only 12.3% of the total po...

It is possible for a GA to have two stable fixed points on a single-peak fitness landscape. These can correspond to meta-stable finite populations. This phenomenon is called bistability, and is only known to happen in the presence of recombination, selection, and mutation. This paper models the bistability phenomenon using an infinite population model of a GA based on gene pool recombination. F...