We develop a simple model of the lower limb of the meridional overturning circulation in the Southern Ocean based on residual mean theory. We hypothesize that the strength of the lower limb (Ψ) is strongly controlled by the magnitude of abyssal diapycnal mixing (κ), and that of mesoscale eddy transfer (K). In particular, we argue that Ψ ∝ √ κK. The scaling and associated theory find support in ...

the present research focuses on the changes of urmia lake level. for this purpose, two timescales have been considered. the trend changes of temperature, precipitation rate and quantitative values of climate type for the observational period from 1968 to 2011 (past scale) and from 2011 to 2100 (future scale) have been analyzed. general circulation model (gcm) is considered for simulating the va...

Abstract In this paper I present two ways in which climate modelers use general circulation models for exploratory purposes. The complexity of Earth’s system makes it difficult to predict precisely how lower-order dynamics will interact over time drive higher-order dynamics. same issues arise complex built simulate behavior like the Community Earth Systems Model (CESM). argue that as a result c...