Thermal comfort affects not only the well-being of occupants a building but also effectiveness their learning and work efficiency. It can be disturbed if ventilation airflow is increased when improving indoor air quality. When natural used in fall winter period, supply temperature low, resulting lack thermal comfort. In existing buildings, there often no place for mechanical ventilation; hence,...

Odour and ammonia emissions were measured at four intensive pig units in Ireland. Odour samples were collected on-site and analysed for odour concentration using an olfactometer. Ammonia concentrations in the exhaust ventilation air were measured using a portable sensor. The geomean odour emission rates over the four pig units were 17.2, 44.4, 4.3, 9.9 and 16.8 ou(E) s(-1) animal(-1) for dry so...

BACKGROUND Patient warming has become a standard of care for the prevention of unintentional hypothermia based on benefits established in general surgery. However, these benefits may not fully translate to contamination-sensitive surgery (i.e., implants), because patient warming devices release excess heat that may disrupt the intended ceiling-to-floor ventilation airflows and expose the surgic...

The landmark Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS) studied the relationship between diesel exhaust exposure (DEE) and lung cancer mortality of workers at eight nonmetal mines who were followed from beginning of dieselization of the mines (1947-1967) through December 31, 1997. The original analyses quantified DEE exposures using exposure to respirable elemental carbon (REC) to represent DEE, and...

BACKGROUND Cadavers are preserved in a fixing solution containing formalin. Formaldehyde (FA) released from formalin is inhaled by the personnel in the anatomy laboratory. Exposed personnel have reported respiratory problems and various symptoms. Due to the toxicity of FA as a strong irritant and carcinogen and also lack of a national study assessing occupational exposure to FA in gross anatomy...

Exposures to diacetyl, a primary ingredient of butter flavoring, have been shown to cause respiratory disease among workers who mix flavorings. This study focused on evaluating ventilation controls designed to reduce emissions from the flavor mixing tanks, the major source of diacetyl in the plants. Five exhaust hood configurations were evaluated in the laboratory: standard hinged lid-opened, s...

Evaporative and exhaust mobile source air toxic (MSAT) emissions of total volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes), formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butadiene, methyl tertiary butyl ether, and ethanol were measured in vehicle-related high-end microenvironments (ME) under worst-case conditions plausibly simulating the >99th percentile of inhalati...

In laboratory experiments, we investigated the ability of two task/ambient conditioning systems with air supplied from desk-mounted air outlets to efficiently ventilate the breathing zone of heated manikins seated at desks. In most experiments, the task conditioning systems provided 100% outside air while a conventional ventilation system provided additional space cooling but no outside air. Ai...