Introduction There has long been an intuition that the subject position is deeply relevant to information structural concerns cross-linguistically, particularly because they frequently appear at the left edge of a clause, which is thought to be associated with given/topical information (cf. Vallduvi 1992). This raises interesting questions about the role of the passive construction in the disco...

English language is a part of wider, Indo-European, family languages. It Germanic group languages that, alongside many other groups, originated from the reconstructed Proto – Indo European language. was tribes Angles and Saxons which inhabited Britain in 5th century after withdrawal Romans. The encompasses such as Dutch, German, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian Icelandic English. people once close co...

In this paper we argue for the following properties of clause-bound scrambling, as they are manifested in German. First, scrambling presupposes head-final projections. Only selected constituents, notably arguments, scramble, the reason being that phrases selected by a head have a unique base order. Second, scrambling involves antecedent-gap dependencies with A-chain properties. Third, scramblin...