Nitrogen (N) deposition in many areas of the world is over an order of magnitude greater than it would be in absence of human activity. We ask how abiotic (N)and biotic (plant host and neighborhood) effects interact to influence root-associated bacterial (RAB)community assembly. Using 454 pyrosequencing, we examined RAB communities from two dominantal pine tundra plants, Geum rossii and Descham...

Aven and Jensen (1999) proposed an approximation to the downtime distribution for arbitrary coherent systems with binary and independent repairable components, where each component follows an alternating renewal process. The approximation is based on a mixture of the duration distributions of the cut sets in the system. We extend this approach to coherent systems composed by multistate independ...

Proper estimation of sediment movement is very critical for the management alluvial rivers. Computing transport with single particle size possible. However, particles on river bed and in have a distribution. It important to estimate material change, such as armoring, case scour. In this study, applicability sorting method, which available HEC-RAS, was analyzed. Bed methods divide into two or th...