The role of extracellular factors in the regulation of anterior pituitary cell differentiation and GH secretion during embryonic development was investigated. Previously, we reported that somatotrophs become a significant population by embryonic day (e-) 16 of the chick and that corticosterone is the active compound responsible for the observed GH cell-differentiating activity of e-16 serum. Mo...

Although fetal growth is generally considered to be independent of pituitary growth hormone (GH), it is possible that pituitary GH plays a modulatory role in organ development or that a GH-like substance of non pituitary origin may influence fetal growth through the GH receptor. Accordingly, we have used immunohistochemistry, northern blot analysis, the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain re...

This article explores the historical development of medical sociology and analyses the social problems that have had impacted the changes of health care institutionalization particularly in Lithuania during the Soviet and post-soviet period. Approaching the interaction between sociology and public health sciences, it is intended to apply the concept of medical sociology and its determinants in ...

Growth hormone (GH) was first isolated from cadaver pituitary glands, requiring laborious and expensive collection of glands, followed by extraction and purification of the hormone. This limited supply restricted its use to children with severe GH deficiency who were treated with low dosages and suboptimal schedules. The development of recombinant DNA-derived GH, allowed the production of virtu...

The growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like factor (IGF) axis is one of the main drivers mammalian and development. Pituitary secretion GH pulsatile under positive negative hypothalamic control, as well stimulation from gastric-secreted acyl-ghrelin. acts both directly via GH-receptor (GHR) indirectly IGF1 production to induce anabolic metabolic responses at multiple target tissues. In this review, we...

At the time of the publication of Geoffrey Harris's monograph on 'Neural control of the pituitary gland' 60 years ago, the pituitary was recognised to produce a growth factor, and extracts administered to children with hypopituitarism could accelerate growth. Since then our understanding of the neuroendocrinology of the GH axis has included identification of the key central components of the GH...

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in the maternal serum, cord blood, and placental tissue of pregnant women from Xingtai, Hebei, with gestational hypertension (GH) combined with fetal growth restriction (FGR). A total of 108 patients with GH combined with FGR (GH-FGR), 60 patients with GH alone (GH), and 50 healthy pregnant women (con...