We study a spatial cyclic predator-prey model with an even number of species (for n=4, 6, and 8) that allows the formation of two defensive alliances consisting of the even and odd label species. The species are distributed on the sites of a square lattice. The evolution of spatial distribution is governed by iteration of two elementary processes on neighboring sites chosen randomly: if the sit...

We study a set of six-species ecological models where each species has two predators and two prey. On a square lattice the time evolution is governed by iterated invasions between the neighboring predator-prey pairs chosen at random and by a site exchange with a probability Xs between the neutral pairs. These models involve the possibility of spontaneous formation of different defensive allianc...

the United States’ desire for isolationism and its desire to maintain hegemony. While the United States has initiated and continued wars in Afghanistan and Iraq that are increasingly unpopular with alliance members, it has also focused on increasing NATO buy-in and has become involved in ance members. This raises the question of whether strong states suffer from alliance entrapment, a that are ...

The inclusion of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, adopted in September, 2015, firmly establishes NCDs as an urgent global health and development priority. With the global prioritisation of NCDs and associated commitments, such as the WHO Global NCD Action Plan 2013–20, in place, the responsibility for action has shifted to the national and regi...

The asymptotic limit theorems of information theory permit a concise formulation of Bernard Baars’ global workspace/global broadcast picture of consciousness, focusing on how networks of unconscious cognitive modules are driven by the classic ‘no free lunch’ argument into shifting, tunable, alliances having variable thresholds for signal detection. The model directly accounts for the punctuated...

The present article uses game experiments to understand the dynamics of oligopolistic competition in liner shipping markets. We show how a limited number carriers, interacting over time, acting independently or grouped into global alliances, are able effectively and jointly reduce excess capacity. A serious (called TRALIN) has been designed this end, mimicking market where four five alliances c...