Acute regional ischemia in the heart can lead to cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation (VF), which in turn compromise cardiac output and result in secondary global cardiac ischemia. The secondary ischemia may influence the underlying arrhythmia mechanism. A recent clinical study documents the effect of global cardiac ischaemia on the mechanisms of VF. During 150 seconds of global...

BACKGROUND A single dose of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin can induce tolerance against cerebral ischemia in vivo (pharmacologic preconditioning). This study identified potential mechanisms of tolerance induction by assessing effects of erythromycin preconditioning on the cerebral transcriptional response to transient global cerebral ischemia. METHODS Preconditioned and nonprecondition...

traumatic brain injury resulting road accidents create damage to the brain. the severe brain injury may cause extensive tissue loss of several parenchyma which results in cavities due to primary destruction and secondary injuries such as ischemia and inflammation. recent findings suggest that neuronal precursors in the adult mammalian brain can be a therapeutic target in ischemic brain injuries...

Dendritic spines form postsynaptic components of excitatory synapses in CA1 pyramidal neurons and play a key role in excitatory signal transmission. Transient global ischemia is thought to induce excitotoxicity that triggers delayed neuronal death in the CA1 region. However, the mechanism underlying structural changes of excitatory synapses after ischemia is not completely understood. Here, we ...

We measured acute changes in monoamine metabolites in corpus striatum of immature rat pups exposed to hypoxia-ischemia, hypoxia alone, or total global ischemia. Carotid ligations and two hours of 8% oxygen environment in 7-day-old pups led to asymmetrical turning behavior, a 70% decrease in endogenous striatal dopamine levels, and a 125% increase in homovanillic acid (HVA) concentrations on the...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Male cynomolgus monkeys (n = 10) were subjected to varying durations of global cerebral ischemia to determine the relation between dose (ischemic duration) and response (outcome). METHODS Each monkey was anesthetized with halothane, and global cerebral ischemia was produced by a neck tourniquet and trimethaphan-induced hypotension. The animal was subjected to 3 (n = 3),...

In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor the time course of intracellular pH in cat cerebral cortex subjected to global cerebral ischemia under control and hyperglycemic pretreatment conditions. Transient (16 minutes) global cerebral ischemia was induced in 14 cats using an inflatable cervical cuff combined with systemic arterial hypotension. Six cats were pretrea...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has various actions including the regulation of adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. In the present study, we examined the changes of PPARγ immunoreactivity and protein levels in the gerbil dentate gyrus (DG) after transient global cerebral ischemia using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. PPARγ im...

Ischemic events in humans are not evenly distributed across the day. To discriminate between temporal differences in the incidence of ischemia and susceptibility to ischemic events, we examined the outcome of global ischemia in a murine model at three time points during the day. Global cerebral ischemia in mice during the light phase impairs survival and exacerbates outcome compared to ischemia...

The retina is a light-sensitive tissue of the central nervous system that is vulnerable to ischemia. The pathological mechanism underlying retinal ischemic injury is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate structural and functional changes of different types of rat retinal neurons and visual behavior following transient global ischemia. Retinal ischemia was induced us...