primary hepatic lymphoma (phl) is rare and possibly associated with viral hepatitis and autoimmune diseases. scleroderma could exceptionally be complicated by lymphoma. we describe phl occurring in a 52-year-old female suffering scleroderma for eight years, with no history of cytotoxic or high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. ct scan, performed to work-up abdominal discomfort, constipation, and ele...

Natural mutations of the human glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoform alpha cause the glucocorticoid resistance syndrome. Mutant receptors may have abnormal interactions with the ligand, target DNA sequences, and/or multiple intracellular proteins, as well as aberrant nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis, all GR pathologic mutant receptor...

Studies in humans and rats suggest that intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) permanently resets the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. HPA axis reprogramming may involve persistently altered expression of the hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (hpGR), an important regulator of HPA axis reactivity. Persistent alteration of gene expression, long after the inciting event, is thought to ...

Basal expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) is very low in rat lung and muscle and remarkably enhanced by glucocorticoid hormones during trauma and catabolic states. Although this response is believed to be transcriptionally regulated, the genetic elements responsible for tissue-specific glucocorticoid induction of GS expression have not been identified. A rat lung epithelial cell line (L2) a...

Major concern has emerged about the possible long term adverse effects of glucocorticoid treatment, which is frequently used for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Here we show that neonatal glucocorticoid treatment of rats increases the severity (p< or = 0.01) and incidence (p< or =0.01) of the inflammatory autoimmune disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in...

Modulator is an endogenous low-molecular-weight regulator of both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors as well as protein kinase C. Structural analysis of modulator purified to apparent homogeneity suggests that it is a novel ether aminophosphoglyceride. In this report, we show that modulator inhibits cytosolic human glucocorticoid receptor (GR) complex activation as measured by DNA-c...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients are characterized by hepatic steatosis. Prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure can result in steatosis. In this study, we aimed to determine the mechanism and cellular apoptosis of prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure in rats and whether melatonin can rescue the prenatal glucocorticoid-induced steatosis and apoptosis in neonatal rats. Pregnant Sprague-Daw...

Glucocorticoid treatment dramatically inhibits growth of the wild-type DDT1MF-2 hamster smooth muscle tumor cell line (DDT-WT) but not that of a glucocorticoid-selected clonal variant (DDT-GR). Our objective was to further define the level of glucocorticoid resistance in DDT-GR cells. Glucocorticoid receptors were confirmed to be less abundant in DDT-GR cells, but the immunoreactivity and molec...

Glucocorticoids elicit a variety of biological responses in skeletal muscle, including inhibiting protein synthesis and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and promoting proteolysis. Thus, excess or chronic glucocorticoid exposure leads to muscle atrophy and insulin resistance. Glucocorticoids propagate their signal mainly through glucocorticoid receptors (GR), which, upon binding to ligands, tra...

Glucose-6-phosphatase catalyzes the final step in the gluconeogenic and glycogenolytic pathways. Glucocorticoids stimulate glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6Pase) gene transcription and studies performed in H4IIE hepatoma cells demonstrate the presence of a glucocorticoid response unit (GRU) in the proximal G6Pase promoter. In vitro deoxyribonuclease I footprinting analyses show that t...