The glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) play essential roles in signal transduction by regulating fast inhibitory synaptic transmission the nervous system of invertebrates. While there is only one GluCl subunit insect, diversity insect GluCls broadened alternative splicing. In present study, three TcGluCl variant genes were cloned from red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Analysis chara...

Background: The areas of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) with a high density of estrogen receptors are involved in cardiovascular regulation and send axonal projections to the rostroventrolateral medulla (RVLM). We aimed to find the contribution of the RVLM to cardiovascular responses elicited by glutamate microinjection into the BST. Methods: Experiments were done in α-ch...

We studied production of D-glutamate from L-glutamate using a bioreactor consisting of two columns of sequentially connected immobilized glutamate racemase (EC 5.1.1.3, from Bacillus subtilis IFO 3336) and L-glutamate oxidase (EC 1.4.3.11, from Streptomyces sp. X119-6): L-glutamate was racemized by the glutamate racemase column, and then L-glutamate was oxidized by the L-glutamate oxidase colum...

introduction: epilepsy is a neural disorder in which abnormal plastic changes during short and long term periods lead to increased excitability of brain tissue. kindling is an animal model of epileptogenesis which results in changes of synaptic plasticity due to repetitive electrical or chemical sub-convulsive stimulations of the brain. lateral hypothalamus, as the main niche of orexin neurons ...

background and objective: alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a neurodegenerative disorder specified by deposition of b-amyloid (ab) and neuronal loss that leads to learning and memory disturbances. one of the most important causes of ad is glutamate-dependent excitotoxicity in brain regions that is vulnerable to ad. according to previous reported results, it was revealed that riluzole, as a glutamate ...

Mitochondrial proline oxidation was studied as a tool to investigate the regulation of the fate of intramitochondrially generated glutamate. Aspartate formation from proline was less than with glutamate as a substrate and was not appreciably stimulated by malate, indicating that the supply of oxalacetate was not limiting. A lag in aspartate synthesis from proline occurred which was relieved by ...