Background: Immunotoxins are comprised of both the cell targeting and the cell killing moieties. We previously established a new immunotoxin, i.e. Shiga toxin granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (StxA1-GM-CSF), comprises of catalytic domain of Stx, as a killing moiety and GM-CSF, as a cell targeting moiety. In this study, the ability of the immunotoxin to induce apoptosis and dou...

background and purpose: invasive aspergillosis (ia) is one of the most common life-threatening fungal infections among the critically ill patients including intensive care unit (icu) patients. delayed diagnosis and therapy may lead to poor outcomes. diagnosis may be facilitated by a test for molecular biomarkers, i.e. detection of galactomannan (gm) antigen based on enzyme immunoassay, which is...

in recent years, biotechnology has provided the possibility of creating genetically modified (gm) organisms by transferring genes from sources such as viruses, bacteria, animals, and plants into usually unrelated species. this ability to overcome insurmountable physiological barriers by exchanging genetic materials among all living organisms is a double-edged sword. on the one hand, it allows t...

We define the geometric modulus \(GM(A)\) of a ring \(A\) in normed space \(E\) and show that set-bounded homeomorphism \(f\colon E\to E\) is bilipschitz if only \(|GM(A)-GM(fA)|\le c\) for all rings \(A\subset E\).

background: brain tissue segmentation for delineation of 3d anatomical structures from magnetic resonance (mr) images can be used for neuro-degenerative disorders, characterizing morphological differences between subjects based on volumetric analysis of gray matter (gm), white matter (wm) and cerebrospinal fluid (csf), but only if the obtained segmentation results are correct. due to image arti...