Angiotensin (ANG) II activating type 1 receptors (AT(1)Rs) enhances superoxide anion (O(2)*(-)) and arachidonate (AA) formation. AA is metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COXs) to PGH(2), which is metabolized by thromboxane (Tx)A(2) synthase to TxA(2) or oxidized to 8-isoprostane PGF(2alpha) (8-Iso) by O(2)*(-). PGH(2), TxA(2), and 8-Iso activate thromboxane-prostanoid receptors (TPRs). We investig...

THE PROLONGED disability and shortened life span of patients with hypertension, as well as the expense and inconvenience of lifelong drug therapy, emphasize the urgent need for detecting curable forms of hypertension. The concept of an intimate causal relationship between hypertension and renal disease has developed slowly over the past 125 years. Bright, in 1836, noted the association of cardi...

1. Arteriosclerotic, associated with arteriosclerosis of the large vessels. This is manifested by a wide pulse pressure and usually has a benign prognosis. Treatment is symptomatic only : salt restriction or mild depressor agents often dramatically relieve symptoms without great effect on the blood pressure. 2. “Malignant” hypertension as manifested by rapidly rising blood pressure, papilledema...

THE experimental work of Goldblatt (I934) showed that in some animal species partial occlusion of one renal artery resulted in sustained hypertension, and that removal of the ischamic kidney might restore the blood pressure to its original level. The first practical application of this work was reported by Butler in 1937 from the Boston Children's Hospital. Two patients with hypertension due to...

1. The intravenous injection of tyrosinase, a phenolic oxidase obtained from mushrooms, consistently lowers the blood pressure of rats made hypertensive by three different methods, while on the average not affecting the blood pressure of normal animals. 2. The intravenous and intramuscular injection of tyrosinase lowers blood pressure in dogs made hypertensive by the method of Goldblatt, while ...

Reactive oxygen species in peripheral cardiovascular tissues are implicated in the pathogenesis of 2 kidney-1 clip hypertension. We recently identified an imbalance between reactive oxygen species generation and oxidant scavenging in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of 2 kidney-1 clip in rats. We tested whether enhanced superoxide signaling in RVLM of 2 kidney-1 clip rats contributes to...

Vascular pressures were measured in the principal (A1) arteriole and in upstream small arteries of the rat cremaster muscle to investigate vascular resistance changes associated with one-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertension. Pressure measurements were made at a proximal and distal site of each vessel using a servonull micropipette system. Vessel diameters were measured using video microscopy...

Renovascular hypertension is a recognized secondary potentially curable cause of hypertension since the work of Harry Goldblatt. Operative treatments for renal artery stenosis (RAS) have been offered for decades and percutaneous interventions have been widely available for 20 years. Stenting has largely obviated recurrence and modern techniques have contributed greatly to the safety of the proc...