in this study we have described our varicocele cases in terms of associated symptoms/signs. in addition, we have tested the correlation between semen parameters and varicocele grades and compared the relative frequencies of associated symptoms/signs in different varicocele grades. 1 19 referred cases of varicocele were categorized based on clinical criteria into 3 grades by one examiner. the re...

according to interactions in multiple grade classes, the present study aims to compare different class compositions in three different groups of fourth-grade multiple grade students in implicit learning and academic achievement. statistical population consists of all fourth grade public elementary school students in piranshahr. 3 groups of students including 8 girls and 8 boys were randomly sel...

We tested the hypothesis that prenatal masculinization of the brain by androgens increases risk of developing an autism spectrum condition (ASC). Sex-typical play was measured in n = 66 children diagnosed with an ASC and n = 55 typically developing age-matched controls. Consistent with the hypothesis, girls with autism did not show the female-typical play preferences, though this was only seen ...

We report here on a 26-year-old pregnant female who developed hirsutism and virilization during her third trimester along with a significantly elevated serum testosterone level. Abdominal US and MR imaging studies were performed, and they showed unique imaging features that may suggest the diagnosis of pregnancy luteoma in the clinical context. After the delivery, the serum testosterone level c...

background and objective: histological grading has prognostic and therapeutic implications in meningioma. however, histological criteria are sometimes not fulfilled to predict the biological behavior of meningiomas. p63 gene is a novel p53 family member, known as tumor suppressor factor, with multiple isoforms and shows high expression in many normal and neoplastic human tissues. in this study,...

prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (pin) is considered a precursor of invasive carcinoma, characterized by proliferation and anaplasia of cells lining prostatic ducts and acini. in this study, we applied the pin grading system on one-hundred cases of prostatic carcinoma and one-hundred cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, then compared the results. 74% of prostatic carcinoma and 51 % of pro...

Understanding environmental influences on sex ratios is important for the study of the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms and for evaluating the effects of global warming and chemical pollution. Fishes exhibit sexual plasticity, but the underlying mechanisms of environmental effects on their reproduction are unclear even in the well-established teleost research model, the zebrafish. Here w...

Pleurodeles waltl is a newt with a ZZ male-ZW female sex determination mechanism, and a temperature-sensitive gonadal sex differentiation. Raising larvae at 32 degrees C from stage 42 to stage 54 (thermosensitive period) drives genetic females to differentiate into functional males. Estrogens are intimately linked with temperature action in this species, as well as in other vertebrates with tem...

Virilization in women is occasionally caused by ovarian stromal hyperthecosis. Although three cases of post-menopausal women with hyperthecosis have been reported, the history in two of them strongly suggests a premenopausal origin. We describe a 64 year old woman with postmenopausal virilization due to bilateral ovarian stromal hyperthecosis.