7 Dissolved copper levels, copper complexing capacities and conditional stability constants have been 8 determined in the Tagus estuarine waters and one of the saltmarshes located in this estuary, the 9 Rosario saltmarsh. Tagus estuarine waters show a constant and around 20 nM copper concentration 10 during the estuarine mixing. Most of this copper is organically complexed by a strong ligand (L...

A method for acetylene inhibition measurements of denitrification in the field using micrometeorological techniques is presented. It is based on the monitoring of flux ratios from small (<5 m2) microplots. The method measures concentration profiles close to the surface, and from these the ratio of gradients, which can be assumed to be equal to the ratio of fluxes, is calculated. Acetylene has b...

The motion of drops of decane on horizontal poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-coated glass surfaces resulting from a temperature gradient on the surface is studied experimentally, and a theoretical description of the thermocapillary motion of spherical-cap drops on a horizontal solid surface obtained using the lubrication approximation also is presented. The drop size and the applied temperature gr...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the species-environment relationships in arid and semi-arid rangelandsof Nodushan, Yazd. The plant species cover and the environmental variables were measured at 9 sites. Soil sampleswere taken for measurement of 12 attributes in 0-10 cm and 10-80 cm layers. Vegetation was classified using twowayindicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). Data was analyzed u...

Molecular studies of parentage have been extremely influential in the study of sexual selection in the last decade, but a consensus statistical method for the characterization of genetic mating systems has not yet emerged. Here we study the utility of alternative mating system measures by experimentally altering the intensity of sexual selection in laboratory-based breeding populations of the r...

AIM To provide evidence that a near clinical gradient AC/A ratio could instead reflect the CA/C relationship (the accommodation driven by response to disparity). DESIGN Case control study. METHODOLOGY 27 emmetropic participants with heterophoria <4 PD, 19 with intermittent distance exotropia, and 17 with near exophoria >6 PD were tested. A remote haploscopic photorefractor, which can measur...

The Mesoamerican Reef, the second-largest barrier reef in the world, is located in the western Caribbean Sea off the coasts of Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras. Particularly in the south, the surrounding watersheds are steep and the climate is extremely wet. With development and agricultural expansion, the potential for negative impacts to the reef from land-based runoff becomes high. We...

In the laser deposition of single crystal and directionally-solidified superalloys, it is desired to form laser deposits with high volume fractions of columnar grains by suppressing the columnar-to-equiaxed transition efficiently. In this paper, the influence of beam profile (circular and square shapes) and cooling conditions (natural cooling and forced cooling) on the geometric morphology and ...

Pulsed field gradient NMR self-diffusion studies of water were used to determine surface-to-volume ratios and specific surface areas of the grains forming a glacial sand deposit. Both quantities exhibit a noninteger power-law dependence as a function of the diameters of the grains. The associated fractal dimensions of the surface area ( D(s)) and of the pore volume ( D(v)) are found to be D(s)-...

We consider Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) applications in which sensors have to send data to a unique sink in a multi-hop fashion. Gradient routing protocol is a scalable way to route data in these applications. Many gradient routing protocols exist, they mainly differ in their performances (delay, delivery ratio, etc.). In this paper, we propose an extensive performance evaluation study of so...