Background: Despite advances in the medical care of renal transplant recipients which have led to an improvement in allograft survival, renal allograft rejection is still a major ob-stacle to successful organ transplantation. Understanding the mechanisms contributing to allograft rejection will be of great importance for the development of efficient antirejection strategies. Objective: The aim ...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small-enveloped RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. Since first identified in 1989, HCV has been estimated to infect 170 million people worldwide. Mostly chronic hepatitis C virus has a uniform natural history, from liver cirrhosis to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The current therapy for HCV infection consists of a combination of Pegylated...

Abstract Background and Aims A growing number of end-stage renal disease patients waiting for a kidney transplant (KT) are older than 50 years old. Consequently, many recipients will be in need dialysis or re-transplantation at an age. For young patients, offers advantage over but the elderly these benefits not well established. selected recipients, with rigorous cardiovascular neoplastic evalu...

The goals of surgery for spinal deformity are to correct or improve the deformity to get a stable, balanced and fused spine. The long-term success of any procedure for scoliosis depends on a solid arthrodesis. Getting fusion of the instrumented segment with the aid of copious autogenous iliac graft has been the most important goal of treatment. However, harvesting copious graft from teenage ili...

Introduction The bony insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is comprised of four distinct zones: ligamentous tissue, noncalcified fibrocartilage, calcified fibrocartilage, and bone. This “enthesis” is responsible for effectively transmitting the forces from the elastic ligament to the stiff bone. Despite its well organized structure, the enthesis has limited vascularity and thereby ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of combined debridement, bone graft and articular cavity sealing using synovium in the treatment of metaphyseal osteomyelitis involving the knee joint. Eleven patients with metaphyseal osteomyelitis, which involved femurs in 4 patients and tibiae in 7, were included. The patients received a novel treatment, which combined debridement, bone g...

BACKGROUND Blood transfusions have the potential to improve graft survival, induce sensitization, and transmit infections. Current clinical practice is to minimize transfusions in renal transplantation candidates, but it is unclear if the evidence continues to support pre-transplant transfusion avoidance. Changes in the Medicare prospective payment system may increase transfusion rates. Thus th...

Several alternative techniques exist to reconstruct skull defects. The complication rate of the cranioplasty procedure is high and the search for optimal materials and techniques continues. To report long-term results of patients who have received a cranioplasty using autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) seeded on beta-tricalcium phosphate (betaTCP) granules. Between 10/2008 and 3/2010,...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy on wound management by measuring the graft take, wound healing time, need for any re-grafting and duration of hospitalization. STUDY DESIGN Single blinded randomized controlled trial. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY This study was carried out in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pakistan Institute of M...