In this paper, we will identify similarities in the learning and the creative process using technology in mathematics and writing at the college level and draw a parallel. Specifically, we will examine the parallel on learning symbolic representations at different levels with special attention to how controversial technologies--such as numeric, graphic, and symbolic calculators in math or word ...

This paper reports on a study thatinvestigated Iranian EFL high school students’ perceptions of written grammar feedback to specify their reasons for preferring comprehensive or selective feedback and choosing some feedback strategies. A questionnaire was administered to 100 EFL intermediate high school students who were selected based on their scores on a proficiency test. Moreover, semi-struc...

english passive has always been regarded as a challenge by farsi-speaking efl learners. despite the presence of many linguistic and pedagogical approaches in studying and teaching english passive, there still appears to be a pedagogical gap facing farsi-speaking efl learners dealing with this construction. taking up the cognitive-construction grammar perspective, the present article aims to inv...

O. Intr~cluction In this paper, we describe the linguistic solutions to some of the problems encountered in writing a reversible French grammar. This grammar is primarily intended to be one of the components of a machine translation system built using ELU, 1 an enhanced PATR-II style unification grammar linguistic environment based on the LID system described in Johnson and Rosner (1989), but i...

We introduce a method for learning to predict the following grammar and text of the ongoing translation given a source text. In our approach, predictions are offered aimed at reducing users’ burden on lexical and grammar choices, and improving productivity. The method involves learning syntactic phraseology and translation equivalents. At run-time, the source and its translation prefix are slic...

Natural languages are always difficult to parse. Two phenomena that constantly pose problems for different formalisms are word order—what part of a sentence has to be placed where—and discontinuities—words that belong together but are not placed into the same phrase. Dependency grammar, a linguistic formalism based on binary relations between words, is very adequate for handling both problems. ...

A resource grammar is a standard library for the GF grammar formalism. It raises the abstraction level of writing domainspecific grammars by taking care of the general grammatical rules of a language. GF resource grammars have been built in parallel for eleven languages and share a common interface, which simplifies multilingual applications. We reflect on our experience with the Russian resour...

Language CoLLAGE is a collection of grammatical descriptions developed in the context of a grammar engineering graduate course with the LinGO Grammar Matrix. These grammatical descriptions include testsuites in well-formed interlinear glossed text (IGT) format, high-level grammatical characterizations called ‘choices files’, HPSG grammar fragments (capable of parsing and generation), and docume...

This paper explores the usefulness of a technique from software engineering, namely code instrumentation, for the development of large-scale natural language grammars. Information about the usage of grammar rules in test sentences is used to detect untested rules, redundant test sentences, and likely causes of overgeneration. Results show that less than half of a large-coverage grammar for Germ...

Abstract grammars are used in papers when toy languages are described. For the development of language processing tools it is also useful to have a short and explicit description of the abstract grammar of the language being processed. This paper presents a little language for expressing lightweight abstract grammars, a little language for writing templates that refer to the information in the ...