This paper presents some aspects of the (gray level) image binarization methods used in artificial vision systems. It is introduced a new approach of gray level image binarization for artificial vision systems dedicated to the specific class of applications for moving scene in industrial automation – temporal thresholding. In the first part of the paper are remarked some limitations of using th...

Thresholding is an important task in image processing. It is a main tool in pattern recognition, image segmentation, edge detection and scene analysis. In this paper, we present a new thresholding technique based on two-dimensional Tsallis entropy. The two-dimensional Tsallis entropy was obtained from the twodimensional histogram which was determined by using the gray value of the pixels and th...

The problem of grouping the gray value variations at the border of complex structured surfaces in outdoor scenes is considered in order to get a simple symbolic representation of such boundaries. Our approach is based on a combination of histogram und minimal spanning tree (a graph-theoretical method) evaluation. In this way the direction and magnitude of the gray value gradient and additionall...

Purpose – This paper uses an inductive approach to define “gray copyright.” It is needed to describe those situations in which the practical degree of copyright protection can best be measured in shades of risk rather than in simple terms of black and white. Design/methodology/approach – Two methods are used. One is an inductive definition builds up the term’s meaning example by example and lay...

Results The initial age and primary curve magnitude averaged 16.0 ± 3.3 years and 63.8° ± 18.3°, respectively. At 7.6 ± 2.6 months post-PFD, significant decreases in mean net gray value, positive area and positive ratio were noted for the 20kd bax protein (P=0.021, 0.013 and <0.001, respectively). The bcl-2 protein, in contrast, appeared to be enriched over the same period in protein lysates. S...

Robot vision tasks often use stereo methods to obtain 3-d information on the environment. This paper shows how color information can be utilized to improve the results of dense stereo matching as well as the results of edge-based stereo matching. A hierarchical chromatic Block Matching technique to obtain dense stereo correspondence is presented. The results have been compared to the results of...

In this paper, we present a new thresholding technique based on two-dimensional Renyi’s entropy. The two-dimensional Renyi’s entropy was obtained from the two-dimensional histogram which was determined by using the gray value of the pixels and the local average gray value of the pixels. This new method extends a method due to Sahoo et al. (Pattern Recognition 30 (1997) 71) and includes a previo...

A color estimation method for a gray-level image is proposed by giving a few color pixels. It is known that a density value in the gray-level image will be calculated by linear combination of an RGB vector of the color image. The problem dealt with in this study can be formulated as an ill-posed problem which searches for an RGB vector from a density value as a solution. By assuming a restricte...

This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of ultrasound elastography (USE) using carotid arterial pulsation and determined the reproducibility of USE for thyroid nodules. A total of 148 patients with 173 thyroid nodules participated. The mean elasticity contrast index (ECI) was significantly higher in malignant nodules (3.1 ± 1.5) than in benign nodules (1.7 ± 0.8) (p < 0.001). When a cut...

-----------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------------------Here a modified decision based unsymmetrical trimmed median filter algorithm for the restoration of gray scale, and colour images that are highly corrupted by salt and pepper noise is proposed. This algorithm replaces the noisy pixel by trimmed median value whe...