background : due to rapid advances in modern technologies such as telecommunication technology, the world has witnessed an exponential growth in the use of digital handheld devices (e.g. smartphones and tablets). this drastic growth has resulted in increased global concerns about the safety of these devices. smartphones, tablets, laptops, and other digital screens emit high levels of short-wave...

Microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, typically react to injuries or chronic diseases with proliferation and expression of differentiated features, such as production of cytokines associated with inflammatory events. Regulation and control of microglial cytokine expression, therefore, is a major focus of scientific interest. It has been shown that GMCSF and Il-3 are potent mitogens ...

Investigations have outlined pancreatic secretory and synthetic responses to gastrointestinal hormones. However, there is little information concerning hormonal influences on pancreatic growth. These studies were designed to examine effects of chronic administration of bethanechol and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) on the pancreas. Male albino rats were given saline, bethanechol, 6 mg/kg...

the potential of marine actinobacteria particularly streptomyces as a single cell protein (scp) feed for the growth of ornamental fish, xiphophorus helleri has been investigated. the streptomyces strains used as scp were isolated from the marine sponges, namely callyspongia diffusa , mycale mytilorum , tedania anhelans and dysidea fragilis . six scp feeds were prepared and their effects were co...

The phenomenon of angiogenesis depends upon several biological processes including enzymatic degradation of matrix, chemotaxis, lumen formation, tissue remodeling, and matrix control of differentiation. These processes are expressed in a sequential order during the growth of a capillary and during its regression. Capillary endothelial cells and endothelial cells of embryonic and fetal origin ha...

When resources are short, growing organisms face an existential choice: should you ignore the shortage and hope for better times soon, or scale back and live within your limited means? And if you do scale back, will there be any payoff later in life? For animals, these choices are played out hormonally, with environmental fluctuations leading to internal rearrangements in endocrine signal and r...

Transport infrastructure evolves over time in a complex process as part of a dynamic and open system including travel demand, land use, as well as economic and political initiatives. As transport infrastructure changes, each traveler may adopt a new schedule, frequency, destination, mode, and/or route, and in the long term may change the location of their activities. These new behaviors create ...