Abstract Many crafts in premodern Europe depended on migratory journeymen. Little is known about these workers, or how craft guilds and urban authorities affected their movement. By employing novel data thousands of journeymen from different cities Holland, we provide the first systematic overview migration settlement patterns The Dutch Republic. We find that differed significantly by occupatio...

The development of new strategies for the operation existing dams is essential restoring ecosystems that have already been affected by construction and current regulation these dams. assessment environmental flows (EFs) significant in guiding such strategic dam operations. However, most methods just focus on one species or guild without simultaneously considering interactions with other aquatic...