introduction: malignant tumors of the parotid gland account scarcely for 5% of all head and neck tumors. most of these neoplasms have a high tendency for recurrence, local infiltration, perineural extension, and metastasis. although uncommon, these malignant tumors require complex surgical treatment sometimes involving a total parotidectomy including a complete facial nerve resection. severe fu...

reconstruction of breast with transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (tram) flap is the standard for reconstruction of breast following mastectomy. in this article, authors report their experience with pedicled tram flap reconstruction of the breast. records for the patients who had undergone breast reconstruction with pedicled tram flap were retrieved. records of outpatient follow-ups were a...

introduction: providing the material for penile reconstruction after release of chordee associated with hypospadias is challenging. we have used the preputial vascularized island flap for this purpose. we report the results of this prospective study. materials and methods: one hundred and twelve boys ranging from 13 months to 12 years of age were enrolled in this study. the location of meatus r...

Despite all modern surgical techniques, skin flap that is considered as the main method in most reconstructive surgeries puts the skin tissue at danger of necrosis and apoptosis derived from ischemia. Therefore, finding a treatment for decreasing the apoptosis derived from flap ischemia will be useful in clinic. In present study, we evaluated the effect of azelaic acid 20% and finasteride on ex...

There are errors in the author affiliations. The publisher apologizes for the error. The affiliations should appear as shown here: Vikki G. Nolan, Kerri A. Nottage, Elliott W. Cole, Jane S. Hankins, James G. Gurney 1 Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA, 2 Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s ...