In today’s mechanized world, the need for a patient-friendly attitude in the hospitals and its psychological effects on the recovery time of patients has been proven. Considering the special pre and post-partum conditions of a pregnant woman, together with the fact that the mother and child cannot be treated as a patient case, makes these psychological effects more critical in this resear...

BACKGROUND Although a wealth of literature points to the importance of social factors on health, a detailed understanding of the complex interplay between social and biological systems is lacking. Social status is one aspect of social life that is made up of multiple structural (humans: income, education; animals: mating system, dominance rank) and relational components (perceived social status...

background disclosure of hiv is important for improving self-care behaviors, psychological well-being, commitment to the treatment, and reducing risk of transmission. one of the major benefits of disclosure is social support, which is an essential resource for effective coping with hiv infection. however, receiving any social support requires disclosing of hiv status. objectives this study aime...

For socially appropriate communication, speakers must command a variety of linguistic styles, or registers, that vary according to social context and social relationships. This study examined preschool children's ability to use a speaker's register choice to infer the identity of their addressee. Four-year-olds could draw correct inferences based on Spanish and formal speech, and had limited su...

Background: Health is an essential component of human rights and the rights are interdependent, indivisible, and correlated. The present study aimed at codifying a multidimensional health index according to multistage index development and describing the status of this index in 22 municipal districts of Tehran.   Methods: This study was conducted using the data collected in the second r...

context we briefly reviewed the evidence on the association of hepatitis c (hcv) infection with several aspects of mental and psychosocial health. evidence acquisition medline was searched with appropriate keywords. the primary sources were the systematic reviews. if systematic reviews were not available for a subject, then the most relevant and methodologically sound original studies were sele...

introduction: the family of each hearing-impaired child has its own cultural, social, educational, and financial background, and its own special needs. the objectives of our study were to explore the information and support needs of parents of children with severe-to-profound hearing impairment and to investigate the effects of the parents’ level of education and economic status on the score at...

due to special conditions of iran; i.e., neighboring to major centers of drug production in afghanistan during the last few decades, it was the passageway of the drug to europe. moreover, because of appropriate context of social, economic and cultural situations, there was an increased addiction and drug trafficking in iran. it is obvious that a lot of people would be involved directly and indi...