The evaluation and management of acute gastrointestinal bleeding in infants, children, and adolescents is a reason for emergency consultation frequently cited by pediatric gastroenterologists. After stabilization of the patient’s condition, endoscopic evaluation remains the most rapid and accurate method to identify the origin of acute bleeding in the y Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.U the vario...

The age and sex specific incidence rates for cerebral infarction, primary intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage in a population of approximately 105,000 are presented. Over four years 675 patients with a first-ever stroke were registered with the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. The pathological diagnosis was confirmed by computerised tomography (CT) scan, necropsy or lumb...

Acute postpartum uterine inversion is a relatively rare complication. The uterus inverts and the uterine fundus prolapses to or through the dilated cervix. It is associated with major postpartum haemorrhage with or without shock. Shock is sometimes out of proportion to the haemorrhage. Minimal maternal morbidity and mortality can be achieved when uterine inversion is promptly and aggressively m...

Endoscopic sclerotherapy has been used to control acute variceal haemorrhage which persists despite conservative therapy, prevent recurrent variceal haemorrhage in patients with a history of oesophageal haemorrhage, and to prevent a haemorrhage in patients with oesophageal varices who never bled. In this short paper I will cover our personal experience with more than 2000 patients receiving par...

Acute lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage secondary to small bowel ascariasis is extremely rare. A high level of suspicion should be maintained when dealing with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage in migrants and travellers. Small bowel examination is warranted when carefully repeated upper and lower endoscopies have failed to elicit the source of bleeding. Appropriate test selection is determin...

A case of high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) in a climber who made a rapid ascent on Mt McKinley (Denali), Alaska is described. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid contained increased numbers of red blood cells and an abundance of haemosiderin laden macrophages consistent with alveolar haemorrhage. The timing of this finding indicates that alveolar haemorrhage began early during the ascen...

Background Non-compressible haemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable trauma death, with pelvic and groin haemorrhage associated with mortality rates approaching 50% [1,2]. Trauma systems expedite access to haemorrhage control, however, the majority of patients who die, exsanguinate before control can be achieved. REBOA is an innovative technique that provides the opportunity for meaningf...

Six cases of massive pulmonary haemorrhage in newborn infants are described. 2 term infants suffered severe birth asphyxia and massive pulmonary haemorrhage presented early (mean 5 hours); in 4 preterm infants massive pulmonary haemorrhage presented late (mean 4 days) while receiving assisted ventilation. All the infants were treated with positive pressure ventilation, vigorous correction of pH...

Evidence of occult alveolar haemorrhage was sought by Perls's staining of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to detect haemosiderin laden macrophages in 63 human immunodeficiency virus positive (HIV-1) men who underwent bronchoscopy. Twenty three patients had bronchopulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma; occult alveolar haemorrhage was present in 16 of these (including two in whom no tracheobronchial lesions we...

1. Total renal blood flow and its cortical distribution were measured by the microsphere technique before and after haemorrhage in conscious rabbits, and after haemorrhage in rabbits anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, chloralose-urethane or ether. 2. The average blood loss necessary to achieve a fall in systolic blood pressure to about 65 mmHg was 101 ml in conscious rabbits and 38, 90 and 118 ...